Unit 7 Text Organization: Comparison and Contrast Objectives: 1. To identify signals/clues that indicate comparison and contrast 2. To list points being compared & contrasted 3. To outline points of comparisons and contrasts 4. To apply appropriate comparison rules and contrast

Comparison: Equative degree: as Adjective/Adverb/noun phrase beginning with quantity expression as; the same (Noun) as Preposition: like _____ Verb: resemble; have something in common Noun: resemblance; the same Adjective: similar to, equal to, identical to Coordinate conjunction: and so _____; and _____too; and neither _____; and _____ either both _____; both _____ and _____; Conjunctive adverb: similarly, correspondingly, likewise

Contrast: Comparative degree: -er than; more _____ Comparative degree: -er than; more _____ than; less _____ than; fewer than _____ than; less _____ than; fewer than _____ Preposition: in contrast to; unlike Preposition: in contrast to; unlike Verb: contrast with; differ from Verb: contrast with; differ from Noun: difference; contrast Noun: difference; contrast Adjective: different from; dissimilar to Adjective: different from; dissimilar to Coordinate conjunction: but Coordinate conjunction: but Conjunctive adverb: however, nevertheless, Conjunctive adverb: however, nevertheless, on the other hand, in contrast, in spite of this on the other hand, in contrast, in spite of this

Paired Conjunctions both … and …. not only …. but also ….. neither ….. nor …. either …. or ….

Sample passage 1(similarities and differences) Both New York City and Paris depend on vast subway lines to transport their millions of commuters. In both cities, the subways are often crowded, especially at rush hours. Another likeness is the terrible noise level in the trains. A further similarity is that the two subway systems both cover a wide area at little expense for commuters. However, the differences between the two are quite striking. While subway stations in New York range from plain to ugly, Paris stations are generally attractive. Many of the French stations are filled with works of art. In Paris, the subway trains are clean and they run every few minutes. On the other hand, New Yorks trains can sometimes be less clean and reliable.

Sample passage 2(similarities) The Ukrainian and Japanese cultures are generally very different, but they do have one thing in common. They like to eat pastries filled with meat. The Ukrainian pastries are called pilmeni and the Japanese pastries are called gyoza, but they are remarkably similar. Both are made of pieces of flat pastries folded around a spicy meat filling. In both countries, people usually eat their pastries with sauce. The Ukrainians use sour cream and the Japanese use soy sauce.

Sample passage 3(differences ) Sample passage 3(differences ) When the first baby arrives in a household, everything changes. In the past, the parents needed an alarm clock in the morning, but now the baby decides when they should wake up. Formerly, the parents spent their evenings watching TV or reading, but now all their time is spent admiring their infant. In contrast to the pre- baby days, their life is more carefully planned. While they used to go out to see friends whenever they wanted to, that is no longer possible. If they want to go out without the baby, they must arrange for a babysitter. Unlike the neat and tidy rooms of the past, these days their apartment is full of baby things. Their friends have even noticed a difference in the topic of conversation: Its always about the baby!