Eastern Mediterranean 3500-500 BCE SSWH1- The Student will analyze the origins, structures, and interactions of complex societies in ancient Eastern Mediterranean 3500- 500 BCE

Draw a line matching river to its name: Euphrates Nile Tigris

Draw a line connecting the modern country to its correct location: Saudi Arabia Iraq Egypt

The Sumerians Location Economics Religion Culture Social Classes Describe the Fertile Crescent Economics -city-states -barter Religion -polytheism -ziggurat Culture -cultural Diffusion -Epic of Gilgamesh Social Classes -types -women Writing -cuneiform

Mesopotamia Mesopotamia (an area located in between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers) Fertile Crescent -name given to the land found in Mesopotamia that is shaped like a curve. -When the rivers flood it creates silt (mineral rich soil allowing large quantities of crops to grow) ; thus, it is called the fertile crescent

Mesopotamia Civilizations: Sumer -The first humans where nomadic hunters and gatherers -Eventually they settled in areas and used agriculture and domesticated animals -Historically the social structure came to be: tribes villages cities Advanced cities City-states Civilizations Sumer became one of the 1st civilizations -Made up of city states(a city and its surrounding land) innovators in civilizations 1.Economics: barter trade(swapping goods and services without money) 2.Religion: -Polytheistic (A belief of many gods) Gods were usually tied into nature or human events -Priests were seen as rulers in the beginning, eventually rulers were needed for military purposes -Ziggurat-(stepped pyramids that were places of worship and city management)

3. Culture: New cities developed and successful trading help the spread of innovations and ideas to other areas. cultural diffusion-(the process in which a new idea or a product spreads from one culture to another) -Epic of Gilgamesh- story about a hero who deals with a flood 4. Social classes: We begin to see the development of groups based on occupations/wealth. Women could own property, join the priesthood, merchants and farmers

Writing: Cuneiform The ancient Sumerians kept records of everything. Written records were very important to them. They started to use triangle shapes to represent sounds, which they could then use to spell words. They did not have paper or ink, so they used tools made of wood or stiff reeds to press the symbols into clay tablets. Video behind the writing

Early Mesopotamia Video Q&A 1 Early Mesopotamia Video Q&A 1. What events and other records did the ancient Sumerians document? 2. How did the Sumerians write down their laws, myths, and other records? 3. What was the importance of scribes in Mesopotamia? 4. What is the moral of the story of Gilgamesh?

Group Time You have 10 minutes to discuss your assigned answer. Have one person write down your response, and one person in charge of presenting the response.

1. At first, Sumerian scribes drew pictures that looked like the physical objects about which they were writing. They then developed symbols that could be combined to make words and names—just like the letters of the alphabet. What does cuneiform mean? What did the Sumerian scribes use to record this information? 2. What was the importance of scribes in Mesopotamia? Why did they have greater access to the priests and kings than other people in the city-states? How long did it take to train a scribe? What is the name of the training school where scribes learn how to write? 3. Does the story of Ziusudra and the great flood sound like another story in the Bible’s Old Testament? Discuss the similarities between the story of Ziusudra and Noah’s Ark. Discuss the portion of the Epic of Gilgamesh contained in the video. What is its moral? Do you think the story of Gilgamesh would have survived all these centuries if it had not been documented on clay tablets?

Why are the Sumerians considered the first civilization? Location Describe the Fertile Crescent Economics -city-states -barter Religion -polytheism -ziggurat Culture -cultural diffusion -Epic of Gilgamesh Social Classes -types -women Writing -cuneiform Why are the Sumerians considered the first civilization?

0ther civilizations -2350 B.C. A conqueror named Sargon from the city of Akkad invaded Sumer (the Sumerians) and united it with other northern cities states creating the world’s first empire. -About 2000 B.C. the Amorites took over and created the city of Babylon as their capital. This empire was know as the Babylonians. -In 1792 B.C. - the Babylonian King Hammurabi became ruler. He established a law code made up of 282 laws based on the idea of retribution (punishment). This was known as Hammurabi’s code. These punishments were often dependent upon a person’s (criminal and/or victim) gender and social class.

Some examples… Website practice

You practice analyzing the laws Complete DBQ on the laws

Don’t take notes on the basics that you already know Judaism Don’t take notes on the basics that you already know THE BASICS: -Torah (first few books of the bible-History of the Jews) -Monotheism-Belief in one God -Abraham-Father of Hebrew people  -Covenant between God and his peoples. -Canaan (Promised land) -10 Commandments and other laws (religious and Law code for all Jews to live by—nondiscriminatory) -Judaism (group of Israelites) Beliefs include: belief in God and His Laws and acting with kindness, fairness, justice and righteousness  The Kingdom of Israel (1022-922 B.C.) Led by Kings Saul, David, Solomon Jerusalem established as capital build the Lords temple and began writing their beliefs down using and alphabet Assyrians (722 BC) , Babylonians (586 B.C.) invaded causing chaos and confusion for the Jews. Many were taken to Babylon. Some were eventually returned but Israel became a target for other groups; such being slaves in Egypt; Exodus led by Moses Copy Video under the star

Think about… What do you think of when you hear the word phonics or phonetics? Who were the of Phoenicians? Think of the word phonics…

Seafaring Traders -Phoenicians 1100 B.C. Phoenicia (modern-day Lebanon) -Remarkable shipbuilders and seafarers   -founded trading colonies around the Mediterranean -Traded: red dye, wine, weapons, glass etc. -Set up Trade routes in Mediterranean, around Africa, and SW Asia. Not only goods…their ideas spread as well.  Phoenician Alphabet- -Used phonetics(signal for sounds) -The base of the English alphabet Video segment under the ship and a US streaming vid underneath the alphabet

Religion/Government and the Pharaoh Contributions and Failures Ancient Egypt Ancient Egypt Religion/Government and the Pharaoh -role of the pharaoh -important Gods Cultural Practices -the pyramids -mummification -the after-life Location -the Nile -the Mediterranean Contributions and Failures -hieroglyphics and the Rosetta Stone -advancements -outside invaders

Ancient Egypt Civilization centered around the Nile River -“gift of the Nile” (water source, fertile land) -Upper and Lower kingdoms united in 3000 BC (by Menes- King of Upper Egypt) -Egyptian History is divided into 3 time periods Old Kingdom (Middle…New) -Rulers of Egypt were known as Pharaohs *considered Gods, leaders politically and Religiously *Theocracy – Government in controlled by religious leader or the leader is viewed as being divine  *Ka- eternal life force, therefore kings ruled after death, *Importance of the Pyramids- Massive tombs *Mummification –a process of embalming and drying corpses to prevent them from decaying

Hieroglyphics Egyptian Writing in the form of pictographs Written on Papyrus (dried reeds) The Rosetta Stone-artifact discovered in 1799 to help decipher hieroglyphics (Hieroglyphic, Demotic (Arabian), Greek)

You have five minutes to copy the Mysteries of Egypt questions. video

Religion/Government and the Pharaoh Contributions and Failures Ancient Egypt Ancient Egypt Religion/Government and the Pharaoh -role of the pharaoh -important Gods Cultural Practices -the pyramids -mummification -the after-life Location -the Nile -the Mediterranean Contributions and Failures -hieroglyphics and the Rosetta Stone -advancements -outside invaders

-Geometry, written numbers (based on 10) Ancient Egypt Contributions -Pharaohs improved transportation and trade -Kingdom Collapsed  after no defensive fortifications were made. Outside invaders like the Persians and the Greeks ended the reign of the Pharoah. Calendar based on 365 days  -Geometry, written numbers (based on 10) -Modern medical practices: pulse, splints, etc.

Religion/Government and the Pharaoh Contributions and Failures Ancient Egypt Ancient Egypt Religion/Government and the Pharaoh -role of the pharaoh -important Gods Cultural Practices -the pyramids -mummification -the after-life Location -the Nile -the Mediterranean Contributions and Failures -hieroglyphics and the Rosetta Stone -advancements -outside invaders

Mesopotamian Contributions