Monitoring Blood Glucose Concentration Levels for Diabetes Using LabView Diane Kim Final Presentation Knoxville, Tennessee

Diabetes Lack of insulin produced in one’s pancreas, or the insulin is incompatible with one’s body Insulin serves as a “key” When you eat, your body turns food into glucose At this point, your pancreas releases insulin Opens cells and allows glucose to enter, which provides energy Patients must manage their glucose levels carefully

Causes and Symptoms Type 1 and Type 2 are predominant, though Gestational and other types do exist Type 1 makes up only 5% of the diabetes population Type 2 is mainly caused by diet or environmental influences Symptoms include: Extreme thirst or hunger Sweet smelling breath Ketoacidosis (diabetic coma)

Today’s Methods Methods today include finger pricking or urine testing, though finger pricking is more accurate Europe has a noninvasive measurement device that clips onto one’s earlobe (GlucoTrack)

iBGStar Monitor Connects to an iPhone or iPod touch device Comes with test strips that the patient would apply their blood to, and run the test strip through the device

CGM Sensors A minuscule electrode is inserted under the skin, which measures glucose levels in tissue fluid Connected to a transmitter that sends information to the device via a wireless radio frequency

Disadvantages Finger pricking, while accurate, is painful and difficult for those with physical limitations Also leads to sensitive and calloused fingertip An inconvenience to have to do every day for life Placing sensors under the skin can lead to health hazards Cell rejection Batteries can leak acid into bloodstream, potentially killing the patient

Designing a program for sensors Goal: Provide cheaper sensors while still maintaining accuracy LabView: visual programming platform Process: Receive signal Read and analyze given data Calculate slope Use slope and frequencies from signal to calculate unknown blood glucose concentrations

LabView Program Program will allow a wireless chip to monitor glucose levels Uses correlation between frequencies and blood glucose levels When levels are dangerously low or high, it gives an alert (LED Signal) Current process includes a signal simulation, use of slope formula, read to text capability

Equation M=Correlation X=Frequency Y=Glucose Concentration y1- y2 x1 - x2 Slope Formula: M= Slope Equation: Y = MX + B Y=Glucose Concentration M=Correlation or slope X=Measured frequency B=Constant

Advantages Antiquate finger pricking methods Allow utmost accuracy by calculating each individual pair of correlations rather than calculating a line of best fit Save costs (no need for strips or monitors that need to be updated)

Acknowledgements This work was supported in part by the Engineering Research Center Program of the National Science Foundation and the Department of Energy under NSF Award Number EEC-1041877 and the CURENT Industry Partnership Program.

Works Cited http://www.diabetesresearch.org/what-is-diabetes http://www.cdc.gov/media/presskits/aahd/diabetes.pdf http://www.ibgstar.us/ http://diatribe.org/issues/58/new-now-next/6 http://www.everydayhealth.com/diabetes/needle-free-blood-sugar- testing.aspx http://www.tandemdiabetes.com/Products/Glucose-Monitoring/