Knowledge Based Management and Space Dr Barry McCollum

Structure Background Background Academic Principles Academic Principles SpaceMAP SpaceMAP

Early Knowledge Based Systems King William (the Conqueror) King William (the Conqueror)  Established the appropriate tax through use of a survey Doomsday Survey Doomsday Survey  detailed statement of lands held by the king and by his tenants and of the resources that went with those lands.  which manors rightfully belonged to which estates  Ended disputes over ownership created a database of information  A sort of big Faculty/School/Department that was to characterise history down to this day.

Collection and Analysis counties, landholders, and manors counties, landholders, and manors William understood the need to convert data to information, then to put information in context to gain knowledge, and through application of knowledge, achieve wisdom. The new Kingdom was saved!

Knowledge

Knowledge Management Information Information  relates to description, definition, or perspective (what, who, when, where).  Who is occupying what room? What activity is going on where? Knowledge Knowledge  comprises strategy, practice, method, or approach (how).  Based on information provided, how should Institutional space be assigned and allocated Wisdom Wisdom  embodies principle, insight (why, what).  Why should space be categorised and what space is required for Institutional needs?

Topology of Space Management Space Classifications - what do we have? Space Classifications - what do we have? Space Costings - how much does it cost? Space Costings - how much does it cost? Space Utilisation - how well is it used? Space Utilisation - how well is it used? Space Allocations - how do we allocate? Space Allocations - how do we allocate? Space Projections - what do we need? Space Projections - what do we need?

Space Allocation Allocation of Resources to areas of space such as rooms, satisfying as many requirements and constraints as possible Allocation of Resources to areas of space such as rooms, satisfying as many requirements and constraints as possible Resources Resources  Staff, students, meeting rooms, lecture rooms etc.. Requirements Requirements  Certain conditions to be fulfilled e.g. amount of space needs for each resource Constraints Constraints  Rules that cannot be violated (Hard)  Rules that can be broken but penalised

Space Allocation Multicriteria decision-making process Multicriteria decision-making process Quality of solution Quality of solution  Achieve an efficient space utilisation  Maximise the satisfaction of constraints  Minimise costs and Guarantee satisfaction Artificial Intelligent heuristic based techniques Artificial Intelligent heuristic based techniques

Space Allocation - References E.K. Burke, P. Cowling, J.D. Landa, B. McCollum, D. Varley, A Computer Based System for Space Allocation Optimisation E.K. Burke, P. Cowling, J.D. Landa, B. McCollum, D. Varley, A Computer Based System for Space Allocation Optimisation  Proceedings of the ICC&IE 2000, The 27th International Conference on Computers and Industrial Engineering, Beijing, China, October 2000 (PDF). E.K. Burke, P. Cowling, J.D. Landa, B. McCollum, Three Methods to Automate the Space Allocation Process E.K. Burke, P. Cowling, J.D. Landa, B. McCollum, Three Methods to Automate the Space Allocation Process  in UK Universities, in Proceedings of the PATAT 2000, The Third International Conference on the Practice and Theory of Automated Timetabling, Konstanz, Germany, August 2000, pp (selected for special selected edition) E.Burke, D.Land-Silva, B.McCollum, Co-operative Meta- heuristic Initialisation for Space Allocation Problems, E.Burke, D.Land-Silva, B.McCollum, Co-operative Meta- heuristic Initialisation for Space Allocation Problems,  5th Meta-heuristics International Conference MIC03, August , Kyoto International Conference Hall, Kyoto, Japan

SpaceMAP and Understanding Understand how space is being used. Understand how space is being used. Understand how space can be best used to meet needs Understand how space can be best used to meet needs Understand what space is required to meet strategic organisational goals. Understand what space is required to meet strategic organisational goals. Understand the impact of change; new programs, new delivery methods, changing student numbers, new space, reduced space. Understand the impact of change; new programs, new delivery methods, changing student numbers, new space, reduced space. Understand the resource impact of program delivery. Understand the resource impact of program delivery. Understand the cost of new and existing space. Understand the cost of new and existing space.

The Data, Information, Knowledge, Wisdom Continuum An Explanation involving SpaceMAP

Data, Information and Knowledge Without context, data is meaningless Without context, data is meaningless Context comes about when we make associations between data Context comes about when we make associations between data Information is when these contexts provide associations with data Information is when these contexts provide associations with data

A Knowledge System Example Context is:  a proposed new Pharmacy Course Data is:  250  7 m 2  EFTSU  space required  space standards

Information is Information is  250 EFTSU in proposed new course  7m 2 is space per EFTSU, according to AAPPA Space Standards Knowledge is Knowledge is  Providing 1,750m 2 of space for new course  Understanding that fewer students will result in demand for less space, more students will mean demand for more space A Knowledge System Example

The SpaceMAP approach  SpaceMAP has data on the teaching and learning activities that go to make up the Pharmacy Course  SpaceMAP has:  data on the space per student per teaching and learning activity  on the basis of average weekly contact hours.  Corresponding staffing requirement  Our understanding is that we need to provide space of the appropriate type according to the needs of the Pharmacy course. A Knowledge System Example

 Our knowledge is an amount of space, per space type, for the new course  SpaceMAP allows us to  use our understanding of existing resources to determine whether there is sufficient space, both type and quantity, available already or whether we need to construct more space.  Wisdom is achieved when we can cost out the new course proposal in terms of additional space, staffing courses and compare that to the likely income streams from the new course – we can take an informed decision as to whether the course should proceed A Knowledge System Example

 Sometimes wisdom is thrust upon us and we have to accommodate the new course anyway – wisdom then comes from understanding the most efficient, cost effective way of ensuring the course has access to appropriate resources.  In all of this, SpaceMAP enables our understanding to grow, based on interpreting data and information, arriving at knowledge and then using our context and experience to arrive at wisdom A Knowledge System Example

Happy St Patrick’s Day Dr Barry McCollum