Section I: The Renaissance Begins (Pages ) This section is about: This section is about: How an acceptance of non- religious values and the study of Greek and Roman cultures were major features of the Italian Renaissance. How an acceptance of non- religious values and the study of Greek and Roman cultures were major features of the Italian Renaissance. How important contributions were made to science, art, politics, and manners, and that the arts flourished at this time. How important contributions were made to science, art, politics, and manners, and that the arts flourished at this time.

We have to look at some things on pages 314 and 315. First: the picture – which we’ve seen before. Where/when? And, the preview/overview of Chapter 14 on page 314. On the time line – there are three things which are probably more important than the others – which ones?

The Renaissance Begins (Page 316) We should look at the Main Ideas before we start. We should look at the Main Ideas before we start. And… A: The Renaissance in Europe. And… A: The Renaissance in Europe. Renaissance means “ rebirth….. ” Renaissance means “ rebirth….. ” This Renaissance started in Italy, but soon spread to Germany, France, Spain, England, and the rest of Europe. This Renaissance started in Italy, but soon spread to Germany, France, Spain, England, and the rest of Europe.

A Fresh Outlook The Renaissance was a time of new attitudes about culture, life, and learning. The Renaissance was a time of new attitudes about culture, life, and learning. There was a change from emphasizing the spiritual world to emphasizing the human experience in the present. There was a change from emphasizing the spiritual world to emphasizing the human experience in the present. Human life was no longer to be spent preparing for eternal life – it was to be spent living life to it ’ s potential. Human life was no longer to be spent preparing for eternal life – it was to be spent living life to it ’ s potential. This started with people again studying the Romans and Greeks. This started with people again studying the Romans and Greeks. People were no longer told money and wealth were evil. People were no longer told money and wealth were evil. Leaders supported freedom of individuals, praised curiosity, and celebrated action. Leaders supported freedom of individuals, praised curiosity, and celebrated action.

The Renaissance Begins Italy was a perfect place for the Renaissance to begin (was the center of the great Roman Empire). Italy was a perfect place for the Renaissance to begin (was the center of the great Roman Empire). Italy was also one of the first places trade developed and towns and cities grew through commerce and trade (Venice / Genoa / Milan / Florence) Italy was also one of the first places trade developed and towns and cities grew through commerce and trade (Venice / Genoa / Milan / Florence) These wealthy merchants used their money to support the arts. These wealthy merchants used their money to support the arts.

Renaissance Figures in the Arts Francesco Petrarca (sonnets and love poems). Francesco Petrarca (sonnets and love poems). Giotto (painter). Giotto (painter). Filippo Brunelleschi (perspective in art). Filippo Brunelleschi (perspective in art). Florence was the center of the early Italian Renaissance. Florence was the center of the early Italian Renaissance. (Perspective: showing proper ideas of depth/space on a flat surface)

Humanism The classic writings of the Greeks and Romans were a great source of inspiration. The classic writings of the Greeks and Romans were a great source of inspiration. A movement called humanism came from this: studying classic ideals, styles, and forms from history and literature (Plato, Cicero, Livy, etc…). A movement called humanism came from this: studying classic ideals, styles, and forms from history and literature (Plato, Cicero, Livy, etc…). Renaissance values People began being interested in the world around them. People began being interested in the world around them. People began focusing on individual achievement. People began focusing on individual achievement. Emphasis was put on the human experience in the present. Emphasis was put on the human experience in the present. Individuals wanted to control their lives and fulfill their potential. Individuals wanted to control their lives and fulfill their potential. Humans have the potential to become whatever they would like – and to make a good life for themselves. Humans have the potential to become whatever they would like – and to make a good life for themselves. (sentience: have great experiences)

Italian Renaissance Writers People started writing many books about how people should live and act. People started writing many books about how people should live and act. Two of the more famous: “The Prince” and “The Courtier.” Two of the more famous: “The Prince” and “The Courtier.” Botticelli: La nascita di Venere (The Birth of Venus)

Machiavelli and Government Niccolo Machiavelli started out as a government worker. He noticed things that worked and things which didn ’ t. Niccolo Machiavelli started out as a government worker. He noticed things that worked and things which didn ’ t. He was especially interested in how rulers gained and kept power. He was especially interested in how rulers gained and kept power. His book “ The Prince ” told of how politics really worked (and how rulers needed to act if they wanted to stay in power). His book “ The Prince ” told of how politics really worked (and how rulers needed to act if they wanted to stay in power).

The Writing of Castiglione Baldassare Castiglione wrote “ The Courtier ” about how the ideal Renaissance gentleman should act. Baldassare Castiglione wrote “ The Courtier ” about how the ideal Renaissance gentleman should act. He should be of noble birth, handsome, graceful, strong, courageous, and accomplished in learning. He should be of noble birth, handsome, graceful, strong, courageous, and accomplished in learning. His book became a best seller throughout Europe. His book became a best seller throughout Europe.

Italian Renaissance Artists Leonardo da Vinci is “ the man ” people think of when they think of Renaissance artists/men. Leonardo da Vinci is “ the man ” people think of when they think of Renaissance artists/men. Artists like da Vinci were often supported by wealthy patrons (financial backers) who would also get some of their own work done. Artists like da Vinci were often supported by wealthy patrons (financial backers) who would also get some of their own work done. Da Vinci: Painter (The Adoration of the Magi, The Last Supper, La Giaconda) Painter (The Adoration of the Magi, The Last Supper, La Giaconda) Sculptor Sculptor Mathematician Mathematician Architect Architect Scientist Scientist Inventor Inventor And… next page And… next page

La Giaconda The Last Judgment (in the Sistine Chapel)

Painting Michelangelo (Buonarrotti). Michelangelo (Buonarrotti). Moved to Rome as a young man. Moved to Rome as a young man. He was fascinated by the sculpture, architecture, and paintings. He was fascinated by the sculpture, architecture, and paintings. His first major work was so good he was immediately called a master sculptor. His first major work was so good he was immediately called a master sculptor. The Pope later gave him the job of painting the Sistine Chapel. The Pope later gave him the job of painting the Sistine Chapel. Built in 1473 by Pope Sixtus IV (as his private chapel). It ’ s 46 feet wide and 118 feet long. Built in 1473 by Pope Sixtus IV (as his private chapel). It ’ s 46 feet wide and 118 feet long. It took Michelangelo 4 years to complete the ceiling paintings. It took Michelangelo 4 years to complete the ceiling paintings. The Battle of the Centaurs (1492) - unfinished

Painting Raphael (Sanzio): Raphael (Sanzio): Younger than Michelangelo and da Vinci (so he studied their works). Younger than Michelangelo and da Vinci (so he studied their works). His best work was “ The School of Athens ” His best work was “ The School of Athens ” It has all then ideals of Renaissance harmony, balance, and culture. It has all then ideals of Renaissance harmony, balance, and culture. It ’ s an imaginary gathering of great scientists and thinkers and includes the faces of Michelangelo, da Vinci, and himself, among many others. It ’ s an imaginary gathering of great scientists and thinkers and includes the faces of Michelangelo, da Vinci, and himself, among many others. This was “ commissioned ” by Pope Julius II – which also meant “ prestige ” for the papacy. This was “ commissioned ” by Pope Julius II – which also meant “ prestige ” for the papacy. The Small Cowper Madonna

The School of Athens: who ’ s who?

Sculpture and Architecture In the Middle Ages, sculptures revolved around religion and the cathedrals that were built. In the Middle Ages, sculptures revolved around religion and the cathedrals that were built. In the Renaissance, the human body started becoming more of a focus. In the Renaissance, the human body started becoming more of a focus. Two of the more important sculptures: “ David ” and “ The Pieta. ” Two of the more important sculptures: “ David ” and “ The Pieta. ” Architects also copied Greek and Roman styles with columns, domes, and arches built with symmetry and harmony. Architects also copied Greek and Roman styles with columns, domes, and arches built with symmetry and harmony. (Pieta means “ pity ” )