US I CPA Do Now Complete the primary source cartoon analysis handout. (3 minutes) 1)How did the cotton industry impact the wealth of the South and the institution of slavery? 2) Analyze the Missouri Compromise, the Election of 1824, and the Election of 1828. HW – Complete Chapter 4.4 and 5 Study Guide

Cotton Gin

Impact of the US Cotton Industry in the 1800s Chapter 5 Section 3

Objectives 1) How did the cotton industry impact the wealth of the South and the institution of slavery? 2)How were African Americans impacted by the cotton industry and why did they rebel? Explain if the rebellions were successful.

The Southern Economy Thrived on the production of major cash crops Tobacco – Maryland, Virginia, Kentucky, and Tennessee. Rice Paddies – Coastal South Carolina and Georgia Sugarcane – Louisiana and Texas Cotton – inland South Carolina, western Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, and into Eastern Texas Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin revolutionized cotton processing Quickly pulled the seeds out of cotton balls Mills were opening in England and France and they wanted all the cotton available

Cotton Becomes King Why was cotton identified with a king? 1792 1860 6,000 bales of cotton produced 1860 4 million bales produced Sold for 191 million dollars in Europe – Modern equivalent is billions of dollars 2/3 of the total exports from the United States abroad Made southern planters rich Increased slavery in the South Congress had outlawed slave trade in 1808 Why did number of enslaved people continue to increase? 1820-1850 – slavery increased in the South from about 1.5 to 4 million

Industry Lags in the South The south became prosperous from agriculture It did not industrialize as quickly as the North Remained a region of rural villages and plantations Three large cities: Baltimore, Charleston, and New Orleans Industry in the South Coal, iron, salt, cooper mines, as well as ironworks and textile mills Still relied heavily on imported goods The south accounted for only 16% of the nations manufacturing total of the US.

Society in the South Rigid and defined class structure Planters at the top owned large plantations 1850 Census Of 6 million, 347,725 were slaveholders 37,000 were planters Defined as those who held 20 or more enslaved people Fewer than 8,000 planters held 50 or more people in slavery; only 11 held 500 or more. Wealthy landowners represented less than half of one percent Dominated regions economy and its political system

(Doctors, Lawyers, and merchants) White Rural poor, (Less than 10%) Urban Class (Doctors, Lawyers, and merchants) Yeoman Farmers (Majority of White Population African Americans 93% Enslaved (3.6 million) Plantation Owners (.5 percent)

Slavery Rice and cotton plantations depended on enslaved labor Considered chattel Majority worked in fields Others worked as skilled workers Servants in Homes Few legal rights, could not do the following: own property, move freely, sign contracts, bring a lawsuit, possess firearms, testify in court, learn to read or write

Plantation Life Task System Gang System Enslaved workers performed a specific task Had a choice for the remainder of the day Could earn money as artisans Personal gardens Adopted as plantations grew Organized in labor gangs Worked sunrise to sunset Plowing, planting, cultivating, or picking based on the season Driver acted as the director of the work gang Often they were enslaved

Southern Social Structure (1800s) – Place Enslaved People, Yeoman Farmers, and plantation owners on the social pyramid.

Frederick Douglas Formerly Enslaved Prominent anti-slavery leader “My natural elasticity was crushed; my intellect languished; the disposition to read departed; the cheerful spark that lingered about my eye died; the dark night of slavery closed in upon me, and behold a man transformed to a brute. From the Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglas

Enslaved Women and Children Women worked long hard days in the fields or in the plantation house: maids, nannies, cooks Many responsibilities and scrutiny by plantations owners Some enslaved women cared for other enslaved women’s children in nurseries When family relationships were involved they also cooked for their families Young children were not able to play with the owner’s children As soon as they were old enough they were given chores. They were not allowed to attend school There were rare occasions when some children learned to read.

Free African Americans (The South) By 1850, some 225,000 free African Americans resided in the South Most lived in cities in Maryland and Virginia Some were descendants of indentured servants from the 1700s. Some earned freedom fighting for the American Revolution Others were half white children of slaveholders Some individuals had been freed Some bought freedom for themselves and their families Ambiguous freedom – differed from state to state Some states required licensees to preach and own firearms Cecee McCarty – New Orleans – dry goods – held 32 enslaved people

Free African American (The North) Slavery was outlawed Not totally accepted in White Society Could organize churches, volunteer associations, publish newspapers, and earn money from the jobs they held James Forteen – owned a sail factory and amassed a fortune Devoted much of his wealth to abolishing slavery

African American Culture Songs were important Often criticized slavery and expressed hope for the future, without the slave owners knowledge. Also played a key aspect in religion African Rhythms influenced Rock, Jazz, Hip Hop, Ragtime, etc. By early 1800s a large number of African Americans were Christian Services centered on having a better life in the next world.

Resistance and Rebellion Rebellions, work slowdowns, broken tools, set fire to homes and barns Some ran away and risked brutal beatings or mutilations Gabriel Prosser Learned to read and became very religious Inspired by the Israelites struggle for freedom Planned to capture Richmond – his followers made their own weapons an ammunition Planned to kill all whites except the French, Methodist, and Quaker residents Weather thwarted their attack Governor James Monroe’s state militia captured Poser Poser and 34 others were hanged

Resistance and Rebellion Cont… Denmark Vesey Operated a woodworking shop in Charleston, SC Accused of planning an armed revolt Vesey was tried convicted and hanged Nat Turner Enslaved minister who led an armed uprising Killed more than 50 men, women, and children before state and local troops stopped the uprising. As a result many state adopted even harsher restrictions on both enslaved an free African Americans.

How does this represent sectionalism in the United States?

Objective Review Directions – Write on a separate sheet of paper. 1) How did the cotton industry impact the wealth of the South and the institution of slavery? 2)How were African Americans impacted by the cotton industry and why did they rebel? Explain if the rebellions were successful.