What is the Smart-well ? Non-conventional and equipped well Permanent down-hole gauge (PDGs) Interval control valves (ICVs) Packers

Case History The first Smart-well Completion was installed at August 1997 Saga’s Snorre Platform in the North Sea During past ten years using Smart-well technology have doubled Initial Smart-wells use permanently downhole electronic gauge and sensors In 1998 WellDynamics use Direct Hydraulic and Mini Hydraulic system Development of new monitoring systems like Fiber-obtic with high level of reliability, accuracy, resolution and stability. Now days only WellDynamic have installed more than 200 Smart-well in different parts of worlds.

Elements of Smart-wells

Digital Infrastructure Critical elements of Smart-well technology Fundamental role within the Smart-Field concept. Communication and control integration between ICVs and PDGs Digital Infrastructure has two function. 1- It acquires data from well instrumentation and delivers it to the interpretation and modeling application. 2- It enables remote reconfiguration of the Smart-well down-hole ICVs as result of the data analysis, effectively closing the loop.

Down-hole Control and Communication Down-hole Control Systems provide a method of integrating the surface control system with the down-hole Smart-well tools such as ICVs and PDGs. Down-hole Control System: 1- SCRAMs 2- Digital Hydraulic 3- Direct Hydraulic 4- Accu-Pulse

Monitoring The ability to accurately and reliably monitor downhole pressure, temperature and flow rate enables reservoir management teams to better understand the downhole conditions helping with any future development. Down-hole Gauge : 1- ROC Permanent Down-hole Gauges 2- EZ-Gauge Permanent Pressure Monitoring System 3- Symphony Plus - Electronic Permanent P/T 4- Flow Meters 5- Fiber Optic Distributed Temperature sensing System

Down-hole Flow Control Devices: The ability of a remotely operated Interval Control Valve (ICV) to reliably control flow into or out of an isolated reservoir interval is the basis of any Smart-well design

Current Applications of Smart-well: 1-Water or gas shut-off 2-Optimal Sequential Production 3-Commingled Production 4- Fluid Transfer for Sweep or Pressurization 5-Inteligent Water Flooding 6-Monitoring 7- Intelligent Multilateral wells 8- Application of Smart Wells in Oil Rims 9- Down Hole Production Test 10- Pressure Drop in Horizontal wells

1- Water or Gas Shut-off Preventing of water or gas coning Oseberg field, Saudi Aramco Smart wells are used in horizontal wells and very thin layer but most of Iran reservoirs are have thick layer on the other hand in Iran the number of horizontal wells with suitable condition for smart well are a few. Smart wells increase ultimate recovery and reduce OPEX High initial cost of smart wells using them for shutting gas/water coning is not beneficial Certainly it will be used in the future when the pressure of reservoir decrease and for MRC more horizontal and smart wells will be used. Preventing of water or gas coning In horizontal wells water breakthrough the layers does not occur simultaneously because of permeability differences Using the results from pressure and temperature sensors at the ICVs for detection of water or gas breakthrough Using ICVs for water/gas breakthrough

2-Optimal Sequential Production Bottom-up sequence In the smart completion the well is perforated on all zones initially with no need to re-enter for water shut offs and re-perforations.

3-Commingled Production production from zones with different pressures Conventional way: Shifting of a sleeve on wire line or coiled tubing, or through work over and re-perforation of the well. Smart-well solution: Choking the inflow from the highest pressured zone with a continuously variable ICV, to avoid cross-flow to the lowered pressured zone. Benefits: Accelerated production, constant production, absence of a work over (Specially in sub-sea wells). Usually wells in Iran are drilled such that all part of wells are placed in region with same pressure.

4- Fluid Transfer for Sweep or Pressurization High pressure gas or water zone over or underlies production intervals A well can be used to transfer fluids to support the producing interval in a controlled manner. Pressure sensors and a continuously variable ICV at the injection interval allow control of the gas Example SW Ampa Block 11 in Brumei in northwestern of Broneo in Pacific ocean Iran there is lots of reservoir with this condition (oil reservoir is Asmari member and Gas is reservoir Khami member) The gas of Bangestan And Khami member in most part of Iran is sour and injection of this sour gas to sweet oil of Asmari member cause future problems (Although Khami and Bangestan member in some part like Gachsaran has gas reservoirs with sweet gas). On the other hand this member has valuable condensate.

5-Inteligent Water Flooding: In the fractured carbonate reservoirs water well injector improved sweep efficiency and water-cuts often approach uneconomic levels resulting in low ultimate recoveries. Fractures can act as short-circuiting conduits between wells with serious negative effects on sweep. By controlling water injection across these intervals, it is possible to prevent water shortcutting between producer-injector pairs due to fractures Injector is divided in controlled segments that act as independent injectors. As the water cut increases at the producer the various segments at the injector are tested to identify and shut-in the one responsible for the short-circuited water. The closed fracture now transmits oil from matrix to producer (instead of water from injector)

5-Inteligent Water Flooding: This cause increase cumulative oil production over other solutions like chemical or mechanical fracture shut-off in fractured reservoirs. Most of Iran reservoirs are take place in second or first part of their life and pressure drop in reservoir can compensate by gas injection

6-Monitoring In smart-wells monitoring of pressure temperature and flow rate is important Now days by using some sensors measurement of ratio of oil/gas/water become possible Application of Monitoring: 1-Choke position correlation 2-Flow rate estimation 3-Real time reservoir model update 4-Well Test 5-Reducing Uncertainties Close Loop Reservoir Management

7- Intelligent Multilateral wells Multilaterals help reduce well costs and can have a significant impact when platforms are slot limited or the cost of sea-floor templates needs to be capped. The ability to control the inflow of each leg of a multilateral reduce unexpected production behavior of one leg. A PDO’s Saih Rawl Field, Shaybah field in Saudi Arabia Iran multilateral wells

8- Application of Smart Wells in Oil Rims A horizontal well in the oil thin rim between the OWC and the GOC will be early water or gas breakthrough. Production declines abruptly at breakthrough as it becomes gravity-drainage dominated, or lifting is compromised due to excessive water. After gas breakthrough at one location, this location can be shut-in and moved to another location. While the coned gas at the shut-in location recedes back to the gas cap rebuilding the oil column. In Iran

9- Down-hole Production Test Different types of sensors at down-hole Performing different type of production test

10- Pressure Drop in Horizontal wells: In horizontal wells very uneven inflow along the axis of the well occurs because of frictional. This typically occurs for large-diameter, high rate wells producing from highly permeable reservoirs. As a result the well is prone to early water or gas breakthrough.

Conclusion High cost, absence of reservoir requirement to smartness, wrong reservoir management and high pressure reservoirs in Iran cause needing to smart wells becomes less. By developing this technology the cost of different part of smart well decrease also pressure of the Iran reservoir is decrease and reservoirs inter to third part of their life so in future requirement to smart wells will increase so in future Iran should use smart wells and smart fields compulsory.