Organized labor Historical Context: Created by Mr. Steve Hauprich for acceleration and remediation of US History students Historical Context: Labor unions grew during the industrial revolution as workers tried to gain rights to better wages and working conditions.

Collective bargaining, Thesis: Labor unions overcame resistance from powerful industrial owners to achieve the legal right to Collective bargaining, only after many years of hardship and struggle.

Men working in factories during the industrial revolution were paid very little. Working Class families required multiple incomes to pay for food, clothing, and shelter.

Women working in factories were often paid only about half of what Men were paid … $6.00/week vs. $3.00/week

Children working in factories would only be paid about 1/10th the wage of an adult.

Knights of labor was formed In the 1860’s and 1870’s a national labor organization called the Knights of labor was formed …attempting to unite both skilled and unskilled labor…hoping to gain legal rights and reforms in the industrial workplace. Unskilled Workers

of labor would The American Federation have more success… focusing on “bread and butter” issues of wages and job security . Sam Gompers AF of L founder

Tactics such as boycotts and strikes were used to attain labor union goals.

Collective Bargaining. Not until the 1930’s did unions finally gain the right to legal recognition and the right to bargain for a contract for all its members called… Collective Bargaining.

later would merge with the C.I.O. AFL-CIO Congress of Industrial The A.F. of L. later would merge with the C.I.O. Congress of Industrial Organizations …to form the AFL-CIO

Taft-Hartley Act to limit A backlash against strikes and labor union leadership corruption …led to the passage of the 1947 Taft-Hartley Act to limit Labor Union power.

___1. The process of collective bargaining is best described as 1 meetings of joint congressional committees to achieve compromise on different versions of a proposed law 2 diplomatic strategies used to make treaties between two nations 3 discussions between labor union leaders and management to agree on a  contract for workers 4 negotiations between a multinational company and a nation with which the company wishes to do business

Workers paid weekly wage of $2.00 • Immigrants work for lower wages • Unsafe conditions in tenements and sweatshops • Attitude of "captains of industry" toward workers, problems ___2. In a history textbook, the items on this list would most likely appear in a chapter about the working conditions in the 1 colonial period under British rule 2 South before the Civil War 3 age of big business from 1865 through the early 1900's 4 economic recession following World War II

___4. Social Darwinism promoted the idea that ___3. The term "robber barons" is used to describe many industrialists of the late 19th century mainly because they 1 made large charitable donations to worthy causes 2 sought to maximize their profits by eliminating competition and  exploiting workers 3 attempted to stimulate the economy by keeping the prices of their products as low as possible 4 opposed the entry of poor and uneducated immigrants into the United States ___4. Social Darwinism promoted the idea that 1 new immigrants were equal to native-born Americans 2 stronger businesses would succeed at the expense of weaker businesses 3 the poor should be protected by government action 4 natural selection is contrary to democratic principles

__5. The railroad strikes of 1877, the Haymarket Affair of 1886, and the Pullman strike of 1894 show that labor unions of that period were 1 willing to use force to achieve their goals 2 unable to organize large groups of workers 3 firmly committed to laissez-faire capitalism 4 supported by the Federal Government during disputes with big business

“Labor Leaders Executed for Causing Haymarket Riot” “State Militia Called In To End Homestead Strike” “1,000 Jailed as Silver Miners Protest Wage Cuts” ___6. Which statement about labor unions in the late 1800s is illustrated by these headlines? (1) Strikes by labor unions usually gained public support. (2) The government frequently opposed labor union activities. (3) Labor union demands were usually met. (4) Arbitration was commonly used to end labor unrest.

___7. Between 1865 and 1900, what was the general attitude of the Federal Government concerning labor unions? 1 hostile toward union efforts to improve workers' conditions 2 eager to act as a mediator between labor and management 3 indifferent to the struggles between workers and industry 4 supportive of labor's goals ___8. Which group in the United States presented the strongest opposition to  unlimited immigration during the late 19th century? 1 steel-producing industrialists 2 steamship company owners 3 recent immigrants 4 organized labor

___9. In this passage the author is protesting the "Fifty years ago, there was a cry against slavery and men gave up their lives to stop the selling of black children on the block. Today the white child is sold for two dollars a week to the manufacturers. Fifty years ago the black babies were sold [for cash]. Today the white baby is sold on the installment plan." -Mother Jones, 1903 ___9. In this passage the author is protesting the 1 use of child labor in industry 2 exploitation of African-American children in the inner cities 3 sale of children into slavery 4 ability of children to use credit in company stores

(1) Labor is gaining power over big business.                                                                                    ___10. What is the main idea of this cartoon from the 1800s? (1) Labor is gaining power over big business. (2) Most Americans support the labor movement. (3) Business has advantages over labor. (4) Government should support the expansion of railroads. ___11. The American Federation of Labor responded to the situation shown in the cartoon by (1) organizing skilled workers into unions (2) encouraging open immigration (3) forming worker-owned businesses (4) creating a single union of workers and farmers

___12. The success of the American Federation of Labor in the late 19th  century can be attributed to its policy of 1 supporting candidates of its own political party 2 focusing on gains in wages and working conditions 3 using violence to combat big corporations 4 allowing only steel workers into the union

___13. The National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act) of 1935 gave labor unions the right to (1) represent workers in collective bargaining (2) insist on an open shop in the workplace (3) establish quotas on immigration (4) use blacklists and yellow dog contracts ___14. Which government action most benefited the labor union movement? 1 sending Federal troops to end the Pullman strike 2 passage of the Wagner Act, guaranteeing workers the right to organize and to bargain collectively 3 imposition of wage and price controls during several Presidential administrations 4 enactment of right-to-work laws at various times

                                                                                                                  __15. The main idea of this cartoon is that businesses in the United States have 1 generated a great quantity of solid waste 2 eliminated the jobs of many workers through downsizing 3 solved most environmental problems 4 improved workers' lives as well as the quality of products