EARLY COLONIES & THE FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR

WHAT ABOUT THE NATIVES IN AMERICA? 5-10 million natives living in what is the present day United States before Columbus arrived in Once Native Americans made contact with Europeans their lives changed because it introduced new diseases.

WHERE WERE THE EARLY SETTLEMENTS? The Roanoke (1587) disaster - English returned in 1590 to find the colony had disappeared. All that was discovered of the ‘Lost Colony’ was the word “CROATOAN” carved in a tree. St. Augustine (1565) -Oldest colony established in present day Florida by Spain. During this time (15 th century) the Spanish came to North America for God, Glory and Gold. The Spanish used a system called encomienda in which the Spanish authorities granted colonial landlords the service of Native Americans as forced labor.

WHERE WERE THE EARLY SETTLEMENTS? Jamestown (1607) Chesapeake Bay : (Chesapeake Bay) 1) Poor Preparation 2) Tried to turn a quick profit John Smith Arrives (1608) 1) Turns things around (For a short time) - Implements discipline/forced people to farm - 1 RULE = “He who works not, eats not.” - Smith forced to leave due to injury 2) “Starving Time” Extremely harsh winter, settlers had not harvestedenough food before winter began. - Indians killed search parties as well as destroyed settlers crops and cattle. Plymouth (1620) Massachusetts Bay Colony: Pilgrims are the first to arrive They are here to separate from the Church of England In 1630 The Puritans arrive They DO NOT want to separate, they want to purify the Church of England Plymouth has a mixed economy (merchants, fishermen, tailors, etc..)

WHY START SETTLEMENTS IN NORTH AMERICA?? European Investors (joint sock ventures) started risky oversea business ventures to turn a large, quick profit. Religious Freedom: FREEDOM FROM PERSECUTION AND FREEDOM TO WORSHIP WERE IMPORTANT FACTORS IN THE FOUNDING OF MANY EARLY SETTLEMENTS. Massachusetts Bay Colony (1630) John Winthrop (Puritans) “A CITY UPON A HILL” They were to build a perfect place to live and honor God. Maryland (1634) Allowed freedom of worship to all Christians. Passed to encourage settlement but also to protect the Catholic minority within Maryland.

WHAT MADE COLONIES ECONOMICALLY VIABLE?? Tobacco’s Impact on the New World 1612 witnessed the introduction of tobacco cultivation Colonies could now turn a profit. Jamestown made tobacco its main crop Cotton The PLANTATION was the driving force behind the South’s development. Cotton will eventually become a main good made in the south. Labor - Indentured Servitude: In exchange for passage to N.A., food, and shelter upon arrival these individuals agreed to a limited term of servitude. (Typically 4-7 years) -Slavery: Africans first brought to N.A. colonies in The triangle trade was a flow of trade between North America, Europe, and Africa and then back to North America. -The Middle Passage : the route that took slaves fromThe Middle Passage : the route that took slaves from the West Cost of Africa to North America million slaves brought to America

WHERE WERE THE FRENCH? Claimed large tracts of land that were lightly populated: -Quebec, Detroit, Montreal The French were trappers and voyagers. They were also on good terms with most Native American tribes because they wanted to trade the Native Americans for furs.

WHAT WAS THE MAIN CAUSE OF THE FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR? Both colonial powers sought control of North American territory. What major advantage did the British hold? Population The population of New France = 80,000 The population of New England = 1,000,000 However the French were allied with the Native Americans WHAT WERE THE RESULTS OF THE WAR? 1763: The Peace of Paris -French forfeit all of possessions in Canada and everything east of the Mississippi. --The French harbor resentment against the British and will seek their revenge later down the road. WHEN?? Proclamation of 1763: Prohibited the settlements by Europeans west of the Appalachian Moutains. -Colonists felt like British did not understand what they needed. -British station troops along the Colonies’ Western borders to control the Native Americans.

Reformation Renaissance Columbian Exchange Indentured Servants Mercantilism Triangular trade Middle Passage The French and Indian War (7 years war) VOCABULARY ASSIGNMENT Settlement Reasons: Spanish, French, and English, St. Augustine, Roanoke, Jamestown, Plymouth Please write a short explanation of each vocabulary word in your own words, include a picture that will help you remember your explanation. Due THURSDAY