Surface coal mining impacts on concentration-discharge relationships: Identifying spatial and temporal changes in the New River, TN Jenny Murphy Vanderbilt.

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Presentation transcript:

Surface coal mining impacts on concentration-discharge relationships: Identifying spatial and temporal changes in the New River, TN Jenny Murphy Vanderbilt University USGS TN Water Science Center George Hornberger Vanderbilt University GSA Annual Meeting, October 12, 2011

Memphis Nashville Tennessee Knoxville Oak Ridge New River Indian Fork Watershed boundary Stream Gauging Station / sample site Coal mining disturbance New River

Coal Mining in Tennessee Land use cover change from 1973 to : SMCRA enacted 1980: State program begins 1983: “Massive failures” 1984: TN federal program begins (Loveland et al., 2003)

Data Sets New RiverIndian Fork — —1981 Parameters (1)Streamflow (2) Specific conductance (3) Sulfate (USGS) (This study) (USGS) Recent Historic

Methods: Data Analysis Intra-annual relationships (1) Linear regression on Log(C)-Log(Q) data Episodic relationships (2) C-Q hysteresis plots

Results: Linear regression y = a x b n=68 n= 15-min New River

Results: Linear regression Indian Fork Recent y = a x b “Background” sulfate Dickens et al 1989

Methods: C-Q plots After Evans & Davies 1998 Discharge Concentration Total discharge Non-impacted water Impacted water Event water

Methods: C-Q plots Evans & Davies Discharge Concentration Discharge Concentration Discharge Concentration Discharge Concentration Discharge Concentration Discharge Concentration (a) C E > C NI > C I (b) C E > C I > C NI (c) C NI > C E > C I (d) C I > C NI > C E (e) C I > C E > C NI (f) C I > C E > C NI C1C2C3 A1 A2 A3

Results: C-Q plots New River 2007

Results: C-Q plots ~25 m 3 /s New River 2007

Results: C-Q plots ~25 m 3 /s New River 2007

Results: C-Q plots Indian Fork 2009

Results: C-Q plots Indian Fork 2009

Results: C-Q plots Indian Fork 2009

Conclusions 1)Temporal: Linear regression Minimal change in New River Significant change in Indian Fork 2)Spatial: C-Q plots Threshold (25m 3 /s) for C-Q response in New River No threshold in Indian Fork Mixing models New River (7% disturbed) 3 component mixing Indian Fork (23% disturbed) 2 component mixing New River Clear Fork Big South Fork of the Cumberland River

Conclusions 1)Temporal: Linear regression Minimal change in New River Significant change in Indian Fork 2)Spatial: C-Q plots Threshold (25m 3 /s) for C-Q response in New River No threshold in Indian Fork Mixing models New River (7% disturbed) 3 component mixing Indian Fork (23% disturbed) 2 component mixing New River Clear Fork Big South Fork of the Cumberland River

Questions? Acknowledgements Vanderbilt University Environmental and Civil Engineering Lab Vanderbilt University Earth and Environmental Science department Big South Fork National Recreation Area Tennessee Water Science Center GSA student research grant