CEN st Lecture CEN 4021 Software Engineering II Instructor: Masoud Sadjadi What is Software Project Management?

1 st LectureCEN 4021: Software Engineering II Acknowledgements  Dr. Onyeka Ezenwoye  Dr. Peter Clarke  Dr. Betty Cheng  Dr. Bernd Bruegge  Dr. Allen Dutoit 2

1 st LectureCEN 4021: Software Engineering II What is software?  Software –Computer programs and associated documentation  Documentation includes –requirements –design models –user manuals –configuration file

1 st LectureCEN 4021: Software Engineering II Software  Software artifact – A unit of material, in the form of a document, presentation, or code, that is developed as a part of, or as a contribution to, the final solution to the users.  Code – A set of instructions to a device, possibly a computing device, to perform a desired set of instructions.

1 st LectureCEN 4021: Software Engineering II Software everywhere!  More and more systems are software controlled  Expenditure on software represents a significant fraction of investment in all developed countries. 40 million 86 million

1 st LectureCEN 4021: Software Engineering II What is software engineering?  A systematic approach to developing software.  “Methods and techniques to develop and maintain quality software to solve problems.” [Pfleeger, 1990]  “Study of the principles and methodologies for developing and maintaining software systems.” [Zelkowitz, 1978]  “Software engineering is an engineering discipline which is concerned with all aspects of software production.” [Sommerville] 6

1 st LectureCEN 4021: Software Engineering II 7 What is software engineering?  “Practical application of scientific knowledge in the design and construction of computer programs and the associated documentation required to develop, operate, and maintain them.” [Boehm, 1976]  “Deals with establishment of sound engineering principles and methods in order to economically obtain software that is reliable and works on real machines.” [Bauer, 1972]

1 st LectureCEN 4021: Software Engineering II What is software engineering?  Software engineers should adopt a systematic and organised approach to their work and use appropriate tools and techniques depending on the problem to be solved, the development constraints and the resources available.  Software engineering is concerned with theories, methods and tools for professional software development.  To produce quality software within constraints –Time & Cost

1 st LectureCEN 4021: Software Engineering II What is a software process?  A set of activities whose goal is the development or evolution of software.  Generic activities in all software processes are: –Specification - what the system should do and its development constraints –Development - production of the software system –Validation - checking that the software is what the customer wants –Evolution - changing the software in response to changing demands.

1 st LectureCEN 4021: Software Engineering II What is Software Project Management?  Software project management is concerned with ensuring that, for a software project, –the most appropriate process and methodologies are chosen, –the desired internal product structure is attained and –the external product properties are achieved.  In addition, the project management constraints of schedule and resources must be met. [Tsui ’04]

1 st LectureCEN 4021: Software Engineering II Why Software Project Management?  Cost, cost, cost!!! &  Time, time, time!!!  $250 Billion is spent each year on approx. 175,000 information technology (IT) application projects.  31% of all the above projects will fail and 53% of the projects will overrun the original cost estimates i.e. $81 billion wasted or canceled projects. US. Standish Group’s Chaos report.

1 st LectureCEN 4021: Software Engineering II Why is SPM difficult?  The product is intangible: –Software cannot be seen or touched. –It is difficult to see and measure progress.  There are no standard software processes. –S/w process varies from one organization to another. –Effect are readily seen when the s/w project is part of a wider systems engineering project.

1 st LectureCEN 4021: Software Engineering II Why is SPM difficult?  Large software projects are often ‘one-of-a-kind’ projects. –Usually s/w projects differ in some ways from previous projects. –Experience gained on one project may not work for another project. –Technological changes in computers and communications can make a manager’s experience obsolete. [Sommerville ’04]

1 st LectureCEN 4021: Software Engineering II SPM Activities  Software Project Management activities include: –Proposal writing –Project planning and scheduling –Project cost –Project monitoring and reviews –Personnel selection and evaluation –Report writing and presentations

1 st LectureCEN 4021: Software Engineering II Phases of SPM  The previous management activities are captured using the acronym POMA: –Planning –Organizing –Monitoring –Adjusting