Governance Change and Pressures around the World Andrew Graham School of Policy Studies Queens University

What I have tried to do here…. Review of governance developments around the world Review of literature (all kinds of media) Found few structural developments or changes in law (except what I note next) Found a lot of issues, concerns and preoccupations coming from those engaged in various forms of oversight, governance or policy Here goes….

Movers and Shakers UK and the PCC Canada: – New Police Act in Manitoba: Boards for the first time – New Guidelines in Alberta and New Brunswick – Ontario clearly moving through a policy review – early days US: President’s Task Force on Policing in the 21 st Century (March, 2015): skating around governance In general, remarkably little change in police governance – no one model emerges, only radical change is in the UK and that is a work in progress

One View of Developments in the UK The Economist, June, 2011

Developments Affecting Governance Mission creep in police services: security is just one example Militarization: creation of special forces a necessity, but cops are not soldiers: they do not occupy enemy territory Strategic partnerships are muddying the waters of accountability around the world – who is in charge What Bob Hoogenboom calls “grey policing” that defies linear oversight Capacity to govern challenges are growing: – Increasing sophistication and complexity of performance data puts Board members under more pressure

Developments in Governance – Emergence of new policing pressures can overwhelm capacity to provide strategic direction that is anything but minimal and vague, see cybercrime and terrorism Economics of policing and emerging new policing models: the moose in the room

Developments in Governance Consistent theme that police systems cannot resolve the key drivers of crime and disorder: governance of police must build linkages to municipal, provincial and federal sources of pressures on police Private policing of economic crime: the growth of forensic accounting and corporate investigation industry “Police powerless online.” – how do you patrol to prevent in an area that is so global and murky?

Developments in Governance Strengthening of internal accountability systems with police services globally: Baltimore’s Professional Standards and Accountability Bureau just an example: the Canadian scene is generally strong. Manitoba’s new Act calls for citizen observers for SIU investigations: calls in the US for a Serious Incident Review Board involving community members to review cases involving shootings Increasing focus on Sentinel Events, i.e. episodes that are within policy but disastrous in terms of community trust and relations

Out on the Horizon: What Governors Need to Worry About Trust and confidence in policing in times of strain and repositioning As costs rise as an issue, articulating police value without slipping into defensiveness or attacks on policing becomes key: rethinking “business as usual” Moving to new understanding of police challenges Getting the police capabilities right: tactical, leadership, vision

Out on the Horizon: What Governors Need to Worry About Is the composition of the workforce what it should be? How to keep governance local while addressing increasingly global issues

Out on the Horizon: What Governors Need to Worry About Getting the metrics right: it’s not all about money: the need for leading public safety indicators: it is foolish to persist in the belief that any single index could provide us with a reasonably accurate portrait of the quality of our police Avoiding or managing the rush towards technological solutions without good research, good policy and training and link to mission Not getting hooked on some cliché solution: intelligence-led policing? Please……..