K T C T COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

Semester 2 SOCIAL SCIENCE

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MughalRuleMughalRule

Introduction Mughal empire was an important dynasty found in the medieval world. Babar who defeated Ibrahim Lodi in the first battle of panipat in 1526 AD, laid the foundation of a new dynasty. The important Rulers of mughal empire were, Babar, Humayun, Akbar, Jahangir, Shajahan, Aurengazeb and Bahadoorshah –II.

Mughal Administration Akbar was the most important ruler of mughal administration. The Mughals had a centralised system of administration. King was also the head of the judicial and military organisation

REVENUE UNITS OFFICER IN –CHARGE Thana -Thanedar Zemindari-Zemindar Mansabdari-Mansabdar Faujidari-Faujdar For the administrative convenience the country was divided into provinces, provinces into sarkars and sarkars into Parganas.

Two types of Taxes ► During the mughal rule revenue of the government was divided into royal and provincial. Provincial taxes were based on production and consumption. The royal (central) income consists of land revenue, customs duties etc.

Ownership of Land The basic change in the ownership of land which the mughal rule was the land was passed into the hands of the peasants. People who converted waste land into cultivable land got its ownership. The right of king, zamindars and jagidars over the land based on income.

During the reign of Akbar land was systematically surveyed and new tax rates were introduced. This was done under the leadership of rajatodarmal, the revenue officer. Mansabdhari It was the military system introduced by Akbar.

Transport  During the mughal rule roads and water routes were the main means of transport. All important roads were metalled Serai Serai  Along the sides of important trade routes there were enclosed grounds. Travellers and traders stayed here during nights.

Foreign Trade Foreign Trade During mughal period India had commercial contacts with various countries of Europe and Asia. Gold silver, raw silk, horse, minerals, pearls, precious stones, woollen clothes etc. imported and various types of clothes, pepper, indigo, opium drugs and salt petre were exported.

Painting The painting style of the mughal period was a combination of indigenous and foreign style. This is known as mughal style of painting. The emperors Babar Humayun, Akbar, Jahamgir and Shajahan encouraged painting. During the period of Jahamgir mughal painting made spectacular progress. foreign style. This is known as mughal style of painting. The emperors Babar Humayun, Akbar, Jahamgir and Shajahan encouraged painting. During the period of Jahamgir mughal painting made spectacular progress.

Important mughal paintings

Important Mughal Rules encourages painting.

Mughal Music Tansen Tansen was a great musician of the mughal period. He was the courtier of Akbar. In the field of music there was more comparable to him. Tansen prize is awarded by the government of Madhya Pradesh to eminent classical musicians.

During mughal period numerous forts, arches and mosques were constructed it was during the period of shajahan mughal painting reached its zenith. Mughal Architecture and Building Fort Arc h Mosqu e

Pictures of forts buildings and churches constructed During mughal Rule. Panchamahal Shalimar Gardern Agra Fort Fathepur sikri Tajmahal Red Fort

Tajmahal Humayun Tomb Bulandarwaja Jamamasjid Agra Fort

Review Questions 1.What were the important rulers of mughal dynasty? 2.What were the important mughal cities ? 3.Who was the most important ruler of mughal dynasty? 4.What were the administrative division of mughal empire? 5.What was Mansadari system? 6.What was Serai? 7.What is the name of an important musician who was the courtier of Akbar? 8.Whose period is known as the golden period of mughal architecture? 9.What – were the important constructions during the mughal rule and who built it? 10.Which battle laid the foundation of mughal rule in India?

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