Toward The Revolution I. A Theory of Opposition a) Robert Walpole II. Escalation Toward Revolution a) The American Problem b) Reaction to the Stamp Act c) Virtual vs. Actual Representation d) The Tax Issue Refuses to Go Away III. Opposition Becomes Revolution IV. Hearts and Minds: The Case of Bill Scott
Terms: Tea Act “Robinocracy” Stamp Act “Virtual” & “Actual” Representation Bill Scott
Themes 1) The American Revolution had a strong ideological component, drawn largely from British political thought. 2) But the cause of the Revolution may have been simpler than that.
Sir Robert Walpole & His Enemies: A Theory of Opposition
Sir Robert Walpole, Prime Minister,
Escalation Toward Revolution
The American Problem
Reaction to the Stamp Act
The Stamp Act
This teapot protesting the Stamp Act was produced in England and marketed in colonial America.
A Pennsylvania Newspaper Shuts Down in Protest over the Stamp Act, 1765
Intimidating a Stamp Agent, New Hampshire.
More intimidation: the Sons of Liberty warn against using the stamps.
Protests Against the Stamp Act
Stamp Act Protest, Boston, 1765
The Repeal
Virtual vs. Actual Representation
A blinded Britannia, on the far right, stumbles into a pit. Meanwhile American colonists suffer unjust taxation and repression.
The Tax Issue Refuses to Go Away
William Pitt (the elder), Prime Minister July 30, 1766 – October 14, 1768
Paul Revere’s Engraving A View of Part of the Town of Boston in New England and British Ships of War Landing Their Troops, 1768.
Revere’s Engraving of the Boston Massacre, March 5, Five people were killed.
The Old State House, Boston.
Boston Massacre Victims
Judge Peter Oliver
Opposition Becomes Revolution
Paul Revere’s “Liberty Bowl,” 1768
Sam Adams, 1768
Tea Act, 1773
Boston Tea Party, December 16, 1773
The Able Doctor, or America Swallowing the Bitter Draught, 1774 Lord North (holding the Boston Port Bill in his pocket) forces the Intolerable Acts down the throat of America
The Bostonians Paying the Excise- Man, 1774
Hearts and Minds