PARTICIPATORY GOVERNANCE STRUCTURES How can we integrate the different stakeholders? How to achieve a cross-sectorial approach? Lars Egeland, MP and Standing Committee on Energy and the Environment, Norway

Reality imposes harsh demands

Norwegian Climate policy: 30% cut in greenhouse gas emissions within 2020, 2/3 domestic Carbon neutral in 2050

Where are we going to cut? There will be a need for emission reductions in all sectors The three biggest souces of greenhouse gas emissions in Norway are: Transport (32 %) Oil and gas sector (27 %) Industry (26 %).

Energy Norway has a lot of electric energy which is mainly fossil- free. But only half of Norways use of energy is fossil-free We need more renewable energy We need to be more economic with our use of energy We need a transmission from fossil energy to electric energy

Task nr 1: Replace fossil energy with renewable Electric energy will be scarce: New energy from wind, sun, tide, waterfalls + bioenergy, biogas, district heating Replace fossil energy at oil and gas installations offshore Reduce fossil energy in transport and replace with electricity

The best electricity is the one that is not used Huge potensial for reductions 10 TWh in private homes Passivhouse in 2015 Almost zeroenergy in 2020 Heating with fossil energy banned from 2020

Transport Cut emissions from new cars – 85 gr/CO2 Transition from car to collective transport No increase in traffic in towns Cartaxes shall reduce transport and promote emission cuts Norway is nr 1 in electric cars

..so then everyting should be OK, the government takes the neccesarily steps..

Challenges: The overall policy is decided, but the work is not done.. The government need popular support for an active climate policy The publics interest in climate policy is decreasing Why?

Some reasons.. The public has been demoralised and demobilised «The polluter shall pay» has turned to «the polluter demands to be payed» Climate policy is for experts, and the solutions are technologial Everybody is talking, nobody is acting.. Warmer climate is not negative..

Real conflicts renewable energy - biodiversity Windturbines, roads and power lines harm birds, animals (reindeer), biodiversity Water-energy harms wild fish and nature But: Taking care of nature and of climate is two sides of the same cause

What can we do? We need to engage people Integrate people in climate actions Climate must be an important subject in the 2013 election

How to engage people A vision of the lowcarbon- society that they like and believe in. We cannot frighten people to act Knowledge instead of moralism Climate issues must be something that effects their daily life Local engagement – local solutions

Two experiences: How Tønsberg became the first city in Norway with waste sorting in all households Knowledge: A report that described experiences in other countries, how to do it etc. Steadily political work When the time was in: Political teamwork – owned by all the party leaders Political pride: The Eco-city Tønsberg

The Local Agenda 21 approach Challenge people to use their experiences Put up reachable goals Show the results Give the stakeholders pride through credit

Experience two: How we managed to achieve a political unity on Climate policy In Norway White paper from the majority-government in May 2012 Environment-organisations advocated a sustainable political compromise for the policy towards Negotiations broke down Petions from environment-organisations, Church-leaders, other well knowned people, created a demand for unity for an offencive climate-policy Long and hard negotiations on at least two fronts: Within the goverment, among the minstries, towards the opposition. Negotiations with the party leaders - a key to success This does not mean that climate policy is neutralized as a field of political struggle

Summary The important people must have ownership – through getting credit What is in it for me: Let everybody win something Look for solutions, not problems

We need a vision, and it is not about technology – it is also about consumption and first of all that the low emission society is a good society for everyone