Chapter 5 Energy.

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 5 Energy

Energy and Work Energy – the ability to cause change. Kinetic energy – energy in the form of motion. Potential energy – stored energy. Work – the transfer of energy through motion. Work = Force x Distance W = FD Units = Joules (Newtons x meters)

Conservation of Energy Mechanical energy – the total amount of kinetic and potential energy in a system. Law of conservation of energy – states that energy can change form but it cannot be created or destroyed under ordinary conditions.

Human Energy Calorie – a unit used by nutritionists to measure how much energy we get from specific foods. 1 calorie ( = 1 kilocalorie) – 4180 Joules. Each gram of fat supplies 9 calories of energy.

Temperature and Heat Temperature – a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a sample of matter. Thermal energy – is the total energy of the particles in a material. Heat – the thermal (or internal) energy that flows from something with a higher temperature to something with a lower temperature. (i.e. heat is energy transferred between objects at different temperatures.

Thermal Pollution Thermal pollution – when waste heat significantly changes the temperature of the environment.

Measuring Thermal Energy Specific heat – amount of energy it takes to raise the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1o C. Thermal Energy Equation Q = mc∆T Q is change in thermal energy m is mass c is specific heat ∆ is the final temp. – the initial temp.