Philosophical Transactions A

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Philosophical Transactions A Flat-panel electronic displays: a triumph of physics, chemistry and engineering by Cyril Hilsum Philosophical Transactions A Volume 368(1914):1027-1082 March 13, 2010 ©2010 by The Royal Society

A mini-radar set. A mini-radar set. Cyril Hilsum Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2010;368:1027-1082 ©2010 by The Royal Society

Matrix addressing. Matrix addressing. Cyril Hilsum Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2010;368:1027-1082 ©2010 by The Royal Society

Matrix addressing problems. Matrix addressing problems. (a) Multiplexing. (b) Electro-optical effects with (curve A) and without (curve B) a threshold. Cyril Hilsum Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2010;368:1027-1082 ©2010 by The Royal Society

The active matrix. The active matrix. Cyril Hilsum Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2010;368:1027-1082 ©2010 by The Royal Society

The director in a nematic liquid crystal. Cyril Hilsum Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2010;368:1027-1082 ©2010 by The Royal Society

The twisted nematic display. Cyril Hilsum Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2010;368:1027-1082 ©2010 by The Royal Society

John Stonehouse, UK Minister of State for Technology, 1967–1968. Cyril Hilsum Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2010;368:1027-1082 ©2010 by The Royal Society

Composition of eutectic LC material E7. Cyril Hilsum Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2010;368:1027-1082 ©2010 by The Royal Society

The market for liquid crystals, 1975–1979. Cyril Hilsum Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2010;368:1027-1082 ©2010 by The Royal Society

Operating principle of Fujitsu MVA-LCD (after Koike & Okamoto 1999). Operating principle of Fujitsu MVA-LCD (after Koike & Okamoto 1999). (a) Basic concept. (b) Basic cell structure. Cyril Hilsum Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2010;368:1027-1082 ©2010 by The Royal Society

Merck sales of liquid crystals. Cyril Hilsum Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2010;368:1027-1082 ©2010 by The Royal Society

A Merck superfluorinated terphenyl. Cyril Hilsum Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2010;368:1027-1082 ©2010 by The Royal Society

A Merck terphenyl with high negative dielectric anisotropy. Cyril Hilsum Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2010;368:1027-1082 ©2010 by The Royal Society

Principle of electrophoresis. Cyril Hilsum Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2010;368:1027-1082 ©2010 by The Royal Society

Electrowetting characteristic (after Hayes & Feenstra 2003). Cyril Hilsum Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2010;368:1027-1082 ©2010 by The Royal Society

Frustrated total reflection. Cyril Hilsum Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2010;368:1027-1082 ©2010 by The Royal Society

An early tour-de-force in LED assembly: multi-colour LED flat-panel display with 64×64 picture elements. An early tour-de-force in LED assembly: multi-colour LED flat-panel display with 64×64 picture elements. Cyril Hilsum Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2010;368:1027-1082 ©2010 by The Royal Society

Thin-film AC electroluminescent panel construction. Cyril Hilsum Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2010;368:1027-1082 ©2010 by The Royal Society

Filamentary breakdown due to S-type negative resistance. Cyril Hilsum Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2010;368:1027-1082 ©2010 by The Royal Society

A formed DC electroluminescent panel. Cyril Hilsum Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2010;368:1027-1082 ©2010 by The Royal Society

Organic LED schematic. Organic LED schematic. Cyril Hilsum Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2010;368:1027-1082 ©2010 by The Royal Society

Isomers of Alq3: (a) meridional; (b) facial (violet, Al; red, O; blue, N; after Cölle & Brütting 2004). Isomers of Alq3: (a) meridional; (b) facial (violet, Al; red, O; blue, N; after Cölle & Brütting 2004). Cyril Hilsum Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2010;368:1027-1082 ©2010 by The Royal Society

Schematic of a starburst dendrimer. Cyril Hilsum Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2010;368:1027-1082 ©2010 by The Royal Society

Schematic of phosphor arrangement in a plasma panel. Cyril Hilsum Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2010;368:1027-1082 ©2010 by The Royal Society

Schematic of the Spindt cathode. Cyril Hilsum Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2010;368:1027-1082 ©2010 by The Royal Society

Schematic of the GEC planar cathode. Cyril Hilsum Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2010;368:1027-1082 ©2010 by The Royal Society

The first amorphous silicon thin-film transistor. Cyril Hilsum Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2010;368:1027-1082 ©2010 by The Royal Society

Electrical characteristics of the first a-Si TFT, made at Dundee University. Cyril Hilsum Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2010;368:1027-1082 ©2010 by The Royal Society

The growth in manufacturing capability of active-matrix LCD panels. Cyril Hilsum Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2010;368:1027-1082 ©2010 by The Royal Society

A 150 inch Panasonic plasma panel TV. Cyril Hilsum Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2010;368:1027-1082 ©2010 by The Royal Society

World sales of flat panels, 1986–2008. Cyril Hilsum Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2010;368:1027-1082 ©2010 by The Royal Society

Generation 10 glass for displays. Cyril Hilsum Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2010;368:1027-1082 ©2010 by The Royal Society

Schematic of structure of E Ink paper. Cyril Hilsum Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2010;368:1027-1082 ©2010 by The Royal Society

Bistable LC states in ZBD display. Cyril Hilsum Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2010;368:1027-1082 ©2010 by The Royal Society

A ZBD shelf label display. Cyril Hilsum Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2010;368:1027-1082 ©2010 by The Royal Society

Large cholesteric liquid crystal billboard (courtesy Magink). Cyril Hilsum Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2010;368:1027-1082 ©2010 by The Royal Society