Small Aircraft Manufacturers Association Weather in the Cockpit Workshop 8-10 August 2006 SAMA

Weather in the Cockpit Workshop Tenny Lindholm Al Yates And a lot of others! 8-10 August 2006

Weather in the Cockpit Workshop 8-10 August 2006 Welcome and thanks! Introduction to UCAR, NCAR and RAL Workshop materials Details –Emergency and safety –Facilities –Security--valuables –Wireless and Internet access –Library, 2 nd floor—Internet and limited copying available –Food and refreshments –Presentation materials for preload

Define “Weather in the Cockpit” “…a system combining and presenting various types of weather information obtained through multiple data-link sources, on-board remote sensors, and in-situ sensors to aid crews with effective flight management”

Flight Information Decision Aids ProcessorPresentation Position Flight Plan Navigation Information Aircraft Capabilities User Capabilities User Interface Onboard Sensors Weather Products Ground Wx System Wx Report Data Link Special Use Airspace TrafficTerrain Obstacles Other Aircraft Air-Air Air-Ground Ground-Air Data Link Satellite Observations Aviation Weather Information System

Goals and Objectives Gain consensus within and between the user, research, and regulatory communities on –Weather related problems with aircraft –Weather information in the cockpit that is needed to address these problems –How best to get advanced weather products into the cockpit/flight deck Develop a roadmap of tasks, dates, needed to ensure continued operational approval of weather products Plan for future forums as needed

Weather in the Cockpit Workshop 8-10 August 2006 Program Today –Setting the stage—user perspectives and safety –JPDO, NGATS, WxIPT—a primer –FAA Cockpit Weather Vision—how it fits –Advanced aviation weather products –Industry products and issues –Displays and demonstrations/reception

Weather in the Cockpit Workshop 8-10 August 2006 Program Tomorrow –ADS-B –Approval of aviation weather products via operational suitability testing –International interoperability of data link –User breakouts by class—low-end GA, high-end unscheduled, high-end scheduled –Groups report to plenary

Weather in the Cockpit Workshop 8-10 August 2006 Program Thursday—wrap-up and catch-up –Identify holes in needs and capabilities –Roadmap –Plan for the future

Capacity, Efficiency, Safety Capt Joe Burns, United Airlines. Director, Flight Standards and Technology Capt Terry McVenes, ALPA. Executive Air Safety Chairman Mr. Bruce Landsberg. Executive Director, AOPA Air Safety Foundation

JPDO, WxIPT, and NGATS—a primer JPDO, NGATS WxIPT Integration Subteam 2012 IOC capabilities –Weather in the cockpit –Ceiling and visibility integration into terminal ATM –Weather information sharing with airline AOCs, shared situational awareness Lead into the next session—what is the driving force?

JPDO, WxIPT, and NGATS—a primer Dr. Bruce Carmichael, Director of Aviation Application Programs, NCAR-RAL Mr. Ernie Dash, Raytheon

FAA’s Vision for Weather in the Cockpit Mr. Steve VanTrees, FAA. Manager, Avionics Systems Branch, Aircraft Certification

Weather Technology and Products ADDS. Mr. Greg Thompson Turbulence diagnoses and forecasts. Dr. Bob Sharman Consolidated summer/winter storm forecasts. Dr. Roy Rasmussen Current and forecast icing. Dr. Marcia Politovich Ceiling and visibility. Dr. Paul Herzegh Oceanic weather, volcanic ash. Cathy Kessinger CIP/FIP user forum remarks. Debi Bacon

Weather in the Cockpit—a sampler Dr. Laurence Vigeant-Langlois, WSI Capt Bob Smith, Boeing Kathleen Kearns, SITA Mick Goslin, WxWorx Capt Joe Burns, United Airlines Steve Young, NASA Langley Kevin Kronfeld, Rockwell-Collins

ADS-B Program Mr. Rob Strain, MITRE Corporation, Center for Advanced Aviation System Development (CAASD)

Approving Advanced Aviation Weather Products Mr. Robert Ruiz, FAA Flight Standards, Flight Technology Requirements Branch

Interoperability Initiatives—US and Europe Mr. Ernie Dash, Raytheon. RTCA Special Committee 206/ EUROCAE

Breakout Session Low-end general aviation, helicopters—Parts 91/135 High-end unscheduled—Parts 91/135, DoD, NBAA High-end scheduled—Parts 121/135

Breakout Session Issues –Operational problems with weather –Weather information needed in the cockpit –Obstacles –Gaps in the current way of operating—informational and procedural –Suggested interventions to resolving obstacles and gaps Facilitator and scribe for each session –Laptop and powerpoint are needed; rooms have projectors Presentation of results to the plenary later

Outcome from Breakouts Hazards: Turbulence, Icing, C/V, Storms (winter/conv), Oceanic/VA Decisions- problem ID Weather information needed Update rateSpatialObstaclesOther Comments Wx re-routes (>100 miles, 4000’ altitude change, ETA>15 minutes) Current FL Convective WX with 60 min now- cast, winds, turbulence, volcanic ash, cloud tops, (Same info as dispatcher) Most recent information at decision pt, ie 5 min NEXRAD “Regional picture”, terrain data, TFR’s, other restricted airspace Training, band width, ops approval, cockpit workload, consistent user interface (conventions, nomenclature, & displays), common triad data base Location, Altitude, Movement, Intensity, Size, Predicted location Route deviations Current FL Convective WX with 60 min now- cast, winds, turbulence, cloud tops, or other data necessary Most recent info at decision pt, ie 5 mins NEXRAD Variable, as required Training, band width, ops approval, cockpit workload, consistent user interface (conventions, nomenclature, & displays) Example: turbulence avoidance and/or mitigation. Data is a subset of requirements for re-route All decisions and/or problems Ground products versus In-flight products for decision displays. Bandwidth constraints, request/reply vs. broadcast Need confidence rating or quality rating of information. Certification needs to balance incremental safety improvements with hazard levels Turbulence mitigation Location, Altitude, Movement, Intensity, Size, Predicted location 1 minute warning – minimum; (5 minute forecast update rate) Flight plan Route – 100 miles either side of track, and altitudes 4000 ft above and below How to fuse observed versus forecast data

Outcome from Breakouts Hazards: Turbulence, Icing, C/V, Storms (winter/conv), Oceanic/VA Decisions-problem IDWeather information needed Update rateSpatialObstaclesOther Comments Immediate Hazard avoidance and mitigation Microburst & windshear info; Gust front; Hail; severe icing; Severe Turbulence ImmediateAppropriately sized miss bubble Detection capability; reaction capability; effective plan Takeoff Go-No go Decisions; and Approach go-no go decisions Terminal WX, and other hazardous phenomena approaching operational limits for suspension of service like icing, visibility, microbursts. Immediately, under event condidions Terminal departure areas Detect, disseminateAdding to the decision making toolbox to aid in making proactive decisions rather than reactive decisions (EFB type of product) Need to examine a class of data- link that allows the extension of ground sensors to provide immediate hazards warnings (forward field of view, and aural warning – non- EFB)

Breakout Rooms

Goals and Objectives Gain consensus within and between the user, research, and regulatory communities on –Weather related problems with aircraft –Weather information in the cockpit that is needed to address these problems –How best to get advanced weather products into the cockpit/flight deck Develop a roadmap of tasks, dates, needed to ensure continued operational approval of weather products Plan for future forums as needed

Implementation Issues Use of Airborne Data Sensors Development of Weather Products Training and Human Factors Considerations Integration of Weather Data from Multiple Sources Determine What Weather Information is Needed By Each Group of Decision Makers

Other Issues When is a defined weather information product ready for unrestricted operational dissemination and use? How do the regulatory requirements interact with the use of advanced weather products What is needed for a source of weather information to be approved for unrestricted operational use? –Vendor-created weather products, both value-added and created using vendor software –Is AWTT approval for the algorithm, or the implementation of that algorithm? –What is needed beyond AWTT D4 (operational) to allow unrestricted use? Actions and/or timeline… Process to obtain, verify, grids; produce products uniformly from grids; transmit to data link processor and aircraft; parallel transmission to AOC, ATC –Merge with ADS-B or other two-way link

Roadmap Development Turbulence Icing Ceiling and visibility –Terminal –National Storms –Winter –Convective Oceanic/remote ADDS

Readiness for 2012 IOC Events that have to happen Times needed for 2012 IOC Times needed for quick readiness for NGATS, 2025

“Enabling WIC” WIC Vision Design approval guidance –Weather products, depiction hardware –Weather product software Operational approval guidance for new products and non-government vendors Training and evaluation criteria FAA pilot outreach in data link weather

Outcome from Breakouts Hazards: Turbulence, Icing, C/V, Storms (winter/conv), Oceanic/VA Decisions- problem ID Weather information needed Update rateSpatialObstaclesUnrestricted operational

Roadmap Advanced Weather Products Events/Dates to complete/Priority/OPR Turbulence T=0-? Icing T=0-? Ceiling/vis Ntl/term T=0-? Storms Winter/conv T=0-? Oceanic/VA T=0-?

Plans for the Future Recurring events to measure and document progress –Workshops? –Held in conjunction with other meetings? –How often? –Other participants? –Other ideas?

Acknowledgements Rhonda Rose and her team All of you Thanks!

Possible Obstacles Aircraft equipage Access to grids or data Certification or approval of product grids Certification or approval of vendor or value-added features Information content standardization for SSA Bandwidth availability Other…