World Meteorological Organization Working together in weather, climate and water WMO OMM WMO ● Climate & Water Department Global Framework for Climate Services WMO Training Aspects

World Meteorological Organization Working together in weather, climate and water WMO OMM WMO ● Climate & Water Department World Climate Conference-3 Better climate information for a better future Geneva, Switzerland 31 August–4 September 2009

WMO OMM Conference Declaration WCC-3 Decided to establish a Global Framework for Climate Services (GFCS) WCC-3 Decided to establish a Global Framework for Climate Services (GFCS) to strengthen production, availability, deliveryto strengthen production, availability, delivery and application of science-based climate prediction and servicesand application of science-based climate prediction and services

WMO OMM GFCS Goal Enable better management of the risks of climate variability and change at all levels, through development and incorporation of science- based climate information and prediction into planning, policy and practice.”

WMO OMM Overview on GFCS Climate Training Preliminary assessment (baseline) of Members’ capacity to provide climate services: – 37% (70) providing minimal to basic services (category 1) –~30% (56) providing essential services (category 2) –~21% (39) providing full services (category 3) and –~13% (24) providing advanced services (category 4) Target for capacity after 4x4-year implementation: –~ 3% (6) providing minimal to basic services (category 1) –~34% (64) providing essential services (category 2) –~39% (73) providing full services (category 3) and –~24% (46) providing advanced services (category 4)

WMO OMM 2010 baseline

WMO OMM 2027 Target

WMO OMM Staffing profiles* for climate services * Preliminary estimates of climate staff needed in various categories, per country CategoryProfessionalTechnicalITSupportTotal A B A B A B

WMO OMM Implications To launch GFCS around the world, an intensive recruitment would be needed in stages: : 1600 new people : 300 more : 300 more : 300 more ….as many as 2500 new staff with climate competencies, and increasingly specialized climate skills, will be needed to fulfil the promise of the GFCS as opportunity and demand grow

WMO OMM Recruitment and Retention Challenges Can the existing educational institutions (universities, technical schools, etc.) turn out qualified climate ‘hirees’ in sufficient numbers over the next 16 years? The hiring requirement may be intense at the beginning, then ebb – can these institutions manage this? Are the RTCs, universities, regional and national centres that support WMO training in a position to undertake the training burden required to build specializations in the new recruits (e.g. for climate prediction, for specialized analyses, etc)? Is it possible to increase the chances that new hirees will stay in that institution, or in the GFCS system, for the long term? Notes: Training often needs to be conducted multiple times at the same level at the same location, to combat the ‘drainage’ factor – this raises costs. To give the GFCS its best chance to stabilize, training should be planned and coordinated in a multi-year plan at country level.

WMO OMM Additional Challenges Circumstances –Socio-economic circumstances may sometimes constrain efforts to build climate capacity. –Some countries have very large populations and/or complex climates, necessitating large staff complements for climate work and services. –While NMHSs will be the primary target for WMO training priorities, in some countries, the climate activities for the GFCS may fall within other institutions. New Competencies –New climate functions will require additional competencies in addition to meteorology (e.g. in interdisciplinary sciences, geography, project management, etc.). –There will be multidisciplinary training requirements, for applications of climate to key sectors such as agriculture, water resources, health, etc. These activities need joint planning and coordination. Training materials need development –The training materials for basic to advanced climate specialties are not yet fully developed. –Some course modules can be conducted by e-learning techniques, others will need hands- on workshops.

WMO OMM WMO Role in GFCS Training WMO ‘in house’ training: –WMO’s expert climate community will fully develop existing modules for DARE, basic climatology, seasonal climate prediction, etc, and develop new climate modules as required –WMO’s expert climate community will work in partnership with sectors, through agencies such as WHO, UNWTO, to develop interdisciplinary programmes for applied climate cross-training –WMO’s RTCs would provide valuable expertise in development of ‘teacher’s kits and guides’ to accompany the technical materials –ETR would coordinate, and RTCs participate in ‘train the trainers’ workshops to quickly increase capacity to deliver the accelerated training –WMO would ensure the availability of these training packages in the official languages of the organization –RTCs, along with training units in WMO’s regional and national climate institutions, would deliver face-to-face training workshops, and coordinate/conduct distance learning programmes Base education and training (core competencies): –through Universities and technical schoolsc largely –existing climate, environmental sciences and geography programmes (inter alia) may benefit from specific guidance and input from WMO’s expert climate and training communities.

WMO OMM Training for Countries in Category 1 Climate services performed: –data services –weather monitoring (Weather Watch); –basic climate diagnostics and climate analysis (perhaps using statistical software) –basic climate assessment; –contribute to Regional Climate Outlook Forums (RCOFs) –disseminate climate products (i.e. national products based on data; regional and national climate monitoring products if available; seasonal outlooks provided by RCOFs and Regional Climate Centres (RCCs)) –Some interaction with users Training required: –data management, data rescue techniques, principles of Quality Management –fundamentals of climatology –basic analysis and statistical techniques, use of analysis software (time series, trend maps, extremes, frequency of occurrence, spatial means, climatological normals, map analysis of variables and anomalies) –preliminary training for use of climate prediction products

WMO OMM Training for Countries in Category 2 Climate services performed (including all those in category 1): –advanced statistical analysis and diagnostics; homogeneity testing and adjustment; regression, development of climate indices, etc. –monthly and longer climate predictions including seasonal climate outlooks –Value-added national products based on RCC and GPC products –climate watch programmes and related early warnings; –2-way dialogue with users –RCOFs (conduct or participate in) Additional training required for climate services specialties including: –Statistical and model-based (downscaling) climate prediction (for monthly and seasonal (generally three-monthly) climate forecasts and outlooks, plus related information on uncertainty, skill, etc. including generation of maps of expected anomalies (e.g. for temperature or precipitation), in probabilistic format) –climate applications, (e.g. for agriculture, water resources, health sectors) –advanced statistical procedures (analysis of climate extremes and extreme ‘events’, maps, graphs, etc.) –Analysis of imagery (e.g. satellite) –Climate Watch techniques

WMO OMM Training for Countries in Category 3 Climate services performed (including all those in categories 1 and 2): –Provision of specialized (tailored) climate analysis, prediction and monitoring products, on seasonal to climate change time scales. to meet the needs of major sectors; –downscaled climate prediction and projection products; –Interpretation of decadal climate prediction (as and when available); –coordinate RCOFs and/or NCOFs –identify a range of climate products via WIS Additional training required for climate services specialties including: –advanced techniques for climate applications, monitoring and prediction including maps (climate zone maps; climate extremes maps), assessments and analyses of spatial and temporal factors and processes involved in observed climate patterns; –Techniques for ENSO, SST and intraseasonal variability products; including anomalies; Indices of large-scale atmosphere-ocean features (e.g. Southern Oscillation Index (SOI); Real-Time Multivariate MJO Index; monsoon indices); ocean temperature analyses, anomalies; climatology of circulation, convection, rainfall and other parameters from deterministic, ensemble and multi-model ensemble forecasting systems –Techniques for communications and media work, interface with non- technical users

WMO OMM Training for Countries in Category 4 Climate services performed (including all those in categories 1, 2 and 3): –Provision of output and interpretation of global and regional-scale products; –global and regional scale data resources as input to modeling, research, applications –high density, small scale specialized data resources useful for studies of processes, urban environments –satellite and other global and regional scale monitoring products –host GPCs and RCCs –process improvement studies for RCOFs and NCOFs –analysis and products relevant to El Nino and La Nina Updates, and Global Seasonal Climate Updates (GSCU) Additional training required for climate services specialties including: –Development and manipulation of Global and/or Regional Climate Models including techniques for sophisticated coupled climate models and multi- model ensembles; –Techniques for reanalyses

WMO OMM Thank you MerciСпасибоGraciasشكرا 谢 谢 Thank you MerciСпасибоGraciasشكرا 谢 谢