©2008, TESCCCWorld History, Unit 5, Lesson 21 Renaissance Art

©2008, TESCCCWorld History, Unit 5, Lesson 22 Characteristics of the Renaissance Humanism Individualism Questioning Attitude / Critical thinking Interest in Secular (worldly, nonreligious) matters Rise of the middle class Great achievements in the arts

©2008, TESCCCWorld History, Unit 5, Lesson 23 Medieval Art Artists depicted subjects in an unrealistic two- dimensional style to indicate the importance of the soul over the body (religious theme). Some of the great artwork was in the stained glass windows, but again, it was two- dimensional

©2008, TESCCCWorld History, Unit 5, Lesson 24 Characteristics of Renaissance Art Three Dimensional (3-D) Realistic & Lifelike Linear Perspective: Vanishing point Influenced by Greco-Roman culture; its forms and its themes (i.e. beauty of the human body) New mediums: Oil on canvas And old: Frescos The importance of religion in art

©2008, TESCCCWorld History, Unit 5, Lesson 25 Leonardo Da Vinci Italian artist, scientist, engineer, etc. a true “Renaissance Man” The Last Supper

©2008, TESCCCWorld History, Unit 5, Lesson 26 Leonardo Da Vinci Mona Lisa

©2008, TESCCCWorld History, Unit 5, Lesson 27 Michelangelo discovered by Lorenzo de’ Medici Italian painter, sculptor, architect, poet, etc. The Pieta

©2008, TESCCCWorld History, Unit 5, Lesson 28 Michelangelo The Last Judgment

©2008, TESCCCWorld History, Unit 5, Lesson 29 Michelangelo David

©2008, TESCCCWorld History, Unit 5, Lesson 210 Donatello David Portrays David holding Goliath’s sword and standing over Goliath’s head First major Renaissance sculpture – first free-standing nude sculpture since classical times Italian sculptor

©2008, TESCCCWorld History, Unit 5, Lesson 211 Raphael Italian Painter Best known for his portrayals of the Madonna – the mother of Jesus

©2008, TESCCCWorld History, Unit 5, Lesson 212 Raphael School of Athens

©2008, TESCCCWorld History, Unit 5, Lesson 213 St. Peter’s Cathedral in the Vatican Michelangelo (with others) World’s largest church The pope lives here. A candle is always lit in his window. Contains Sistine Chapel Contains Vatican museum Holds Pieta

©2008, TESCCCWorld History, Unit 5, Lesson 2 Sistine Chapel Ceiling Michelangelo Fall of Man Creation of Adam Over four years, Michelangelo painted 12,000 square feet of ceiling with Biblical stories. My stomach is thrust toward my chin My beard curls up toward the sky My head leans right over onto my back… The brush endlessly dripping onto my face. Michelangelo, Poems

©2008, TESCCCWorld History, Unit 5, Lesson 215 Dome of the Cathedral of Florence Brunelleschi Part of the cathedral was built in the Middle Ages in the Gothic Style The dome was added by Brunelleschi in the 1400s.

©2008, TESCCCWorld History, Unit 5, Lesson 216 The Renaissance Moves North Because of the plague, it was not until 1450 that northern Europe enjoyed the economic growth that helped support the Renaissance in Italy. Northern artists and writers imitated Italian styles while adding new methods and ideas of their own.

©2008, TESCCCWorld History, Unit 5, Lesson 217 Albrecht Durer Flemish artist now called the “German Leonardo” because of his wide-ranging interests Adoration of the Magi Engraving – The artist etches a design on a metal plate with acid, then uses the plate to make prints.

©2008, TESCCCWorld History, Unit 5, Lesson 218 Jan van Eyck Flemish artist who helped develop oil paint Giovanni Arnolfini and Bride

©2008, TESCCCWorld History, Unit 5, Lesson 219 Renaissance Writers Began to use the vernacular instead of classical Latin. –(vernacular = the native language)

©2008, TESCCCWorld History, Unit 5, Lesson 220 William Shakespeare England *The best known Renaissance writer was William Shakespeare. *Between 1590 and 1613 he wrote 37 plays that are still performed around the world. *Examples: Hamlet Taming of the Shrew A Midsummer Night’s Dream

©2008, TESCCCWorld History, Unit 5, Lesson 221 Dante The Divine Comedy Story written in the vernacular (Italian) which tells the story of a man’s journey through heaven and hell.

©2008, TESCCCWorld History, Unit 5, Lesson 222 Baldassare Castiglione Italy The Book of the Courtier Book that describes how noblemen and women should behave and what they should strive to be.

©2008, TESCCCWorld History, Unit 5, Lesson 223 Machiavelli Italy *Machiavelli was a political philosopher. *The Prince advised kings how to rule – do what is necessary to stay in power and keep stability *In Machiavelli’s way of thinking, the end justifies the means.

©2008, TESCCCWorld History, Unit 5, Lesson 224 Humanism Humanism is focused on human achievements and potential rather than religious themes. Focused on the man and his world (The importance of man) Concentrated on everyday human problems and relationships Humanists focus on reality and the world around them. (How man relates, pleasure, passion) rather than morality.)

©2008, TESCCCWorld History, Unit 5, Lesson 225 Humanism The secular nature of humanism, as well as its questioning attitude, often brought it into conflict with the traditional teachings of the Catholic Church and Medieval thinking. It revolves around the study of the Liberal Arts: Grammar and Rhetoric, Poetry, History, and Ethics.

©2008, TESCCCWorld History, Unit 5, Lesson 226 Petrarch Considered the Father of Humanism. Believed the God had given man his intellect and potential to be used to the fullest. Assembled a library of Greek and Roman manuscripts. Wrote poetry in Italian and enumerable works in Latin on different subjects.

©2008, TESCCCWorld History, Unit 5, Lesson 227 Erasmus Dutch humanist and Catholic theologian In Praise of Folly –Book in which Erasmus criticizes the areas of society that were in most need of reform, such as monasteries and church corruption.

©2008, TESCCCWorld History, Unit 5, Lesson 228 Thomas More Utopia, a work of fiction, tells the story of a land that is almost perfect in every way and serves as an example of what the world should be. More is known as the “Man for all Seasons” because of his versatility.

©2008, TESCCCWorld History, Unit 5, Lesson 229 The Printing Revolution In 1456, Johann Gutenberg printed the Bible using movable metal type on a machine called a printing press. Printed books became less expensive and easier to produce than hand copies. Readers gained access to broad range of knowledge. (Medicine to Religion) Literacy increased as books became more widely available. The printing press would greatly contribute to the Protestant Reformation.

©2008, TESCCCWorld History, Unit 5, Lesson 2 The Effects of the Renaissance The Renaissance belief in the dignity of the individual played a key role in the gradual rise of democratic ideals. Led to the Scientific Revolution Led to the Age of Exploration