The First Five Presidents Notes US 1.7c

George Washington serve d two terms As President First President under US Constitution Established many new precedents for how the president goes about his job Cabinet included Thomas Jefferson -Sec. of State and Alexander Hamilton – Sec. of Treasury Federal court system was established with the Judiciary Act of 1789 Bill of rights were added to the Constitution Presided over plans for a new capitol city along Potomac river in Md. And Va. Tended to favor conservative ideas (Hamilton). Supported Hamilton’s assumption plan.

George Washington serve d two terms Lead troops in Whiskey rebellion in 1794 Continued fight against Native Americans in the northwest territory Battle of Fallen Timbers, defeated tribes in Nw. territory allowed for expansion into Ohio country Worked to keep US out of the European war between G. Britain and France after the French Revolution. Supported John Jay’s treaty with Great Britain. Unpopular treaty did not stop British impressments of US sailors Supported Pinckney’s Treaty with Spain which opened to port of New Orleans to US customers

The Federal City Benjamin Banneker Free African American who surveyed the land for the new Capitol Took over design job when Pierre L’Enfant (the French architect) quit. Reproduced maps from memory and carried out the design of the city Published an almanac for 10 years making the difficult astronomical and tide calculations himself The Federal City

John Adams served one term As President (Federalist) Two party system emerged while Adams was President Adams was part of the conservative Federalist party XYZ affair occurs with France, many Federalist want to declare war on France US begins build up of Army and Navy, fights with France but does not declare War Alien and Sedition Acts passed to suppress opposition to the government’s actions John Adams

Thomas Jefferson served two terms As President (Republican) Elected in controversial election of 1800 Major change in Govt. ideas and practices. Cuts govt. size and spending. Ends taxes, govt. income come from customs duties and land sales Judiciary Act of 1801 allows J Adams to appoint many Federal judges, Jefferson fights with them over view of govt. Marbury v. Madison – Supreme court case that establishes precedent of Judicial review, allows court to declare a law unconstitutional Louisiana Purchase- buys Louisiana from France for $15 million dollars, doubles size of US Lewis and Clark sent to explore new territory Thomas Jefferson ( )

James Madison served two terms As President Madison became President during a period of war between France and Great Britain. Both nations were violating neutral rights of the US. And the US responded with the unpopular Embargo Act, decided not to trade with either nation. The US finally decided to declare war on Great Britain because of the British abuses of US rights. Many people in the New England states were opposed to “Mr. Madison’s War” James Madison ( )

War of 1812 Spring war declared British blockade the American coast 1813 OH Perry defeats the British navy on Lake Erie 1813 WH Harrison defeats the British and American Indians at the Battle of the Thames. Removes British from the NW territory 1814 British army captures and burns Washington DC but is defeated at Baltimore 1814 Americans win battle of Lake Champlain Dec Treaty of Ghent ends war, nothing changes except US gains respect from European countries 1815 Jackson defeats British at New Orleans Map of War of 1812

James Monroe served two terms As President Winning the War of 1812 brought out great feelings of nationalism in the US The Federalist party’s opposition to the War of 1812 ended their existence The “Era of Good Feelings” describes the time when we had only 1 political party and there was little political fighting Toward the end of Monroe’s terms sectionalism grew and ended the peacefully political times Monroe issued a warning to European nations to not create any new colonies in the western hemisphere known as the Monroe Doctrine James Monroe (1758 – 1831)