Infrastructures and Obstacles for Reliable Delivery Broadcast and IP? Infrastructures and Obstacles for Reliable Delivery

Broadcast Topology Automation Subscriber Management Network Management Billing Encoder Multiplexor Live Feed Direct Broadcast Satellite Encoder Modulator Encoder Telecom (ATM, IP, etc) Headend Cable TV Encoder Analog Network Feed Terrestrial Broadcast

IP Delivery Topology Services IP Switching & Routing Simple Switching xDSL Network Management Encoder DSLAM Encoder VOD Server Backbone Agregation Network IP Ethernet Middleware & Services Edge Router Internet gateway xDSL Ethernet BAS DSLAM PSTN gateway Local Servers xDSL

It is all about the ARPU Source: Yankee Group, 2004

Cable Telephony

UDP Encapsulation ad hoc: A Variant: 7 TS packets per UDP IP Packet TS UDP Packet IP Packet TS UDP Packet ad hoc: 7 TS packets per UDP TS aligned “nicely” Split Packet! TS TS TS TS TS A Variant: TS not aligned Variable number of TS packets per UDP UDP Packet UDP Packet IP Packet IP Packet

Unicast and Multicast Unicast Multicast Host Router Host Router PIM-SM IGMP

Packet transport delay & Jitter Effects: Degraded interactivity Increased startup latency Increased packet loss Perturbed timebase

Packet transport Loss and Mis-Ordering Effects: Visual or Audio impairment Increased interarrival jitter Perturbed timebase

Broadband Access Technologies - Standards Telecom Central Office VDSL 13 Mb/s  1.5 km 26 Mb/s  1.0 km 50 Mb/s  0.3 km ADSL/ADSL2+ 8 Mb/s  2.5 km 15 Mb/s  1.6 km 24 Mb/s  0.5 km FTTH 1 Gb/s  >100 km Copper is becoming the clear choice for Telcos: Leverage infrastructure, Quick, Large foot print

Speeds and Reach ADSL2+ provides similar results to Loop Bonded ADSL… Loop Bonded ADSL2+ doubles performance again for VDSL speeds at the 15-20,000 foot range.

Network Performance for Video 10-11 10-10 10-9 10-8 10-7 10-6 10-5 10-4 10-3 10-2 10-1 Broadcast Video Requirement Typical Network Today? ITU-T Y.1541 Voice/Data

MPEG Video Compression RGB YUV Blocks Macro Blocks g(x) f(x) Entropy Coding Quantization Zigzag Scan Discrete Cosine Transform Slices

Image Coding Hierarchy Group Of Pictures (GOP) Video Sequence Group Of Pictures (GOP) … Picture 4:2:0 Macroblock (MB) Y Y C B C R 8x8 Slice Y Y H.264 8x8 4x8 1 2 3 4x4 8x4 16x16 8x16 Modes MB 16x8 . . .

Response & Tuning Backbone Aggregation Network VOD Server DSLAM IP Ethernet VOD Server DSLAM Edge Router Appl Services Internet PSTN Acquire Content RF Integrity Decoding Re-Encoding Manage Content Rights Management PPV Billing Voice Quality Call Performance Billing Data Throughput Error Latency Performance Fault Recovery Maintenance Efficiency Performance Fault Recovery Maintenance Efficiency Multicast Routing Efficiency Performance Maintenance Efficiency

But too many knobs!

Quality Control The Real Question: Is all this truly meaningful?? BER: 1.2x10-3 Sonet Status LOS OK AIS OK FEBE Error RDI OK The Real Question: Is all this truly meaningful??

Monitoring - the old way Human Operator watching TV for errors and anomalies. What about 500 channels?

Monitoring Switched Networks Must have access to the data: Use “network tap” (common in IT networks) Program a router to “duplicate a port” so that traffic is copied to two places Use a switch with a “monitor port” (not common these days?) Monitoring here shows no traffic. Some switches have a ‘monitor’ port which will pass all traffic.

Multi-axis Preventative Monitoring Service Integrity TV & Data Services Protocol Level Signal Integrity MPEG Transport Serial, RF and Telecom Time Geography Distributed Remote

Physical RF Signal Performance Spectrum Modulation Performance Constellation Display Bit Errors

MPEG Transport Layer Parameters Stat Mux Performance Bandwidth by Service PCR Jitter

Content Parameters

Channel Change Issues SERVER & HEADEND VOD Controls Trick Mode Backbone Aggregation Network IP Ethernet VOD Server DSLAM Edge Router Appl Services Internet PSTN SERVER & HEADEND VOD Controls Trick Mode User Authentication NETWORK Delay Connection Setup Location of Multicast Point Burst Processing SET TOP BOX Command Processing Acquire Sync De-Jitter Buffering Decoding

Sports Stream Arriving Channel Change Delay Multicast Point IP Sports Stream Arriving LEAVE “Sports” JOIN “Movie” Movie Stream Arriving

The I-Frame Blast “Blast” Server Program A Mux CHANGE TO Movie!! Core Network Program A Mux CHANGE TO Movie!! Change! Sports Program B Movie Blast Server Output Stream

Remote Interface with Video View Alarm and Measurement Logging Remote Upgrade Remote Configuration I IP, QAM and ASI TS and Video monitoring and Alarming Triggered Capture Stream back of Video and Audio for confidence checking

Integrated RF, IP and TS Analysis & Monitoring

Alarm Management & Integration RF Modulation Bandwidth LED Beep ETR-290 Network Management System Database Log Entry Content Violation SNMP TRAP Picture Quality SQL Plug In Other Plug In

Geographic Consolidation Collect and Consolidate Alarms Management Information System Connectivity Extensible & Open Platform

True Service Monitoring Service Content Validation Real Time Service Status

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