Overview of the 1950s.

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Presentation transcript:

Overview of the 1950s

Dwight Eisenhower (“Ike”) 1945-1952: Democrat Truman clashed with Republican Congress High inflation, low wages led to strikes Congress weakened unions, outlawing “closed shops” and “sympathetic strikes” despite Truman’s veto 1952: War hero Eisenhower elected Conservative financially “Liberal when it comes to human beings” Favored a huge military arms build-up, which he warned against when in his final presidential speech

Economic Growth Wartime factory technology efficiently made new consumer goods McDonald’s symbolized efficiency in “fast food” “Real” income = income adjusted for inflation 1950s real family income was twice that of 1920s (and products were more efficiently made) Companies encouraged purchasing: Shopping centers Ads Planned Obsolescence (always coming out with a newer, better model) (Remind you of cell phones?)

Blue Collar to White Collar Americans increasingly provided services instead of making products Major product companies: cars, like Ford, Chrysler, General Motors (GM) Services: restaurants and hotels, like McDonald’s and Holiday Inn “Franchises” spread new chain companies around the country Local owners bought rights to open a store Company provided services, branding, menus, etc. White-collared workers (desk jobs) out-numbered blue-collared workers (skilled physical work) by end of 1950s

Suburbs and the Baby Boom Baby Boom: children born between 1946-1964 Huge growth in child population due to return from WW2 and prosperity Middle-class families moved to new “tract” homes outside of cities: suburbs Levittown: example new NYC: 17,447 homes in just 4 years Men commuted to city to work; women stayed home to watch children Americans moved to Sunbelt (especially south west and California)

Cars and Technology Cars defined American life 1956 Interstate Highway System began Commuting Personal Image associated with car Shopping centers with parking Polio vaccine ended threat of polio in US Manhattan project created atomic bomb in 1945. 1950s saw Nuclear power plants Computers began to store data and do complex calculations Transistors replaced tubes, shrinking electronics dramatically

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