7CD Variation and feeding relationships

Try to match the card with its definition

Now lets think about this classroom… The classroom (Ecosystem) Habitats Organisms that make up the community

HW Booklet

Adaptations What are adaptations? Name an animal adapted to a desert climate. Name a plant adapted to a desert climate. Name 2 animals adapted to an arctic climate.

Adaptation Adaptation is a special characteristic that allows an organism to survive in a particular environment. Adaptations may be: physical appearance (morphology) internal systems (physiology) something an organism does (behaviour)

What is a shark´s habitat? What are its adaptations?

Marine Habitat Seas and oceans Salty water Warm and cold water

A Shark’s General Adaptations What are a shark’s general adaptations to life in an aquatic environment? streamlined shape to reduce friction when moving through water (morphology) fins provide stability, power and control gills have a large surface area so that oxygen can be extracted from the surrounding water Photo credit: © 2006 Jupiterimages Corporation (morphology) (morphology)

A Shark’s Specific Adaptations What are a shark’s specific adaptations to life as an aquatic predator? specialised sense organs can detect the sound, movement and electrical fields of other organisms highly sensitive sense of smell that can detect drops of blood from miles away (physiology) (physiology) lots of very sharp teeth that are constantly replaced Photo credit: © 2006 Jupiterimages Corporation Teacher notes A shark’s teeth are not fixed to its jaw but embedded directly into the flesh. Its teeth are constantly replaced as they fall out or are broken, so that a shark may get through thousands of teeth during its lifetime. The lower teeth are mainly used for holding prey, while the upper teeth are used for cutting. The shark’s specialized sense organs include: lateral lines – a row of fluid-filled sensory canals along each side of the shark. These can detect movement and changes in pressure from about 100m away. ampullae of Lorenzini – small pits in the shark’s snout that detect tiny electrical fields, such as those associated with muscle contraction of prey. auditory system – can detect the sound created by injured prey from over 1 mile away. silver colouring underneath acts as camouflage (morphology) (morphology)

How many different types of habitat can you think of? Make a list.

Marine Arctic Desert: hot & cold Woodland / forest River / lake Tropical rainforest Grasslands Rocky Bogs / marshes Urban (gardens / parks) / farmland

Cold climates Temperatures: arctic winter can dip to -51oC warmest month is between 10oC and 0oC Often permanent snow & ice

What do these animals have in common?

List as many adaptations to the cold climate as you can: Thick oily fur coats Layers of blubber under the skin May change colour in the summer Small ears Large furry feet Often longer snout Rounded body shape

Body Shape Have fat, round body shapes with short legs. Why is this important?

Hot Desert Climates Temperatures: Can reach 45 – 50oC during the day Can fall below 0oC at night Less than 25cm rain a year

What do these animals have in common?

List as many adaptations to the desert climate that you can: Large thin ears Little body fat Thin silky fur Long limbs to help spread the heat They often are only active at night More elongated body shape

Baby camels because they are funny!

Have more elongated body shapes and long legs

Which shows an animal from a hot climate and which from a cold climate?

Question: If a polar bear lived in a desert: What colour would the polar bear be so it was camouflage? Would it still have thick fir? What would it eat?

Compare these two animals… Desert Fox Arctic Fox Draw a table to compare their adaptations to their environments.

Baby desert fox because it is cute!

Plants in Cold Climates http://www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/learning/learningzone/clips/5506/ ‘land of the midnight sun’ Cold all year except for short period over the summer No trees temperature range = - 54 to 21° C Alaska, Siberia, Scandinavia

Arctic Willow Saxifrage Bearberry Arctic flower

Arctic plant adaptations Plants are small - usually less than 30cm tall to avoid wind Plants are dark - helps them absorb solar heat. Small waxy leaves / needles Some plants are covered with hair Some plants grow in clumps for protection Some plants have dish-like flowers that follow the sun

Trees many trees are evergreen many trees have needle-like leaves to lose less water waxy coating on needles needles are dark in colour trees have branches that droop downward

Plants in Dry Climates Adaptations: Can you think of any? Make a list.

Spines to protect from being eaten Plants slower growing so require less energy    Flowers that open at night lure pollinators who tend to be active during the night Hair help shade the plant, reducing water loss

Some plants store water in their stems or leaves = succulents Some plants have no leaves Long root systems spread out wide or go deep into the ground to absorb water

Question: Scientists investigated two types of violet plants. One was found more frequently in shade, the shade violet. The other was found more frequently in sunny places, the sun violet. A B a) Which violet is which? Give a reason for your choice. [4] A = _____________________________________________________________________________ B = _____________________________________________________________________________

The number of violets in an area of woodland were counted before and after a large number of trees were removed. The results are shown below. i) State how light conditions would have changed when the trees were removed. [1] ___________________________________________________________________________________ (ii) Which of the plants survived better before the trees were removed? [1] (iii) What happened to the number of these plants after the trees were removed? [1] Violet type Before trees removed 2 years after trees removed 5 years after trees removed Shade 190 50 30 Sun 20 60 120

(i) From the table, make a bar chart to show the information for sun violets. [4] (ii) How would you expect the number of sun violets to change in future if more trees were removed? [1]   __________________________________________________________________________________  Total: 12 marks

Food chains and webs Which way do the arrows go in food chains? What do the arrows show in food chains? Give an example of a food chain. What is a food web?

Food chain

Food web

Energy What is the source of almost all energy on earth? Where do producers get their energy from? Where do consumers get their energy from?

King crab Cod

Choose from one of the 2 options and make a poster to sell your idea. Option A: Kill the king crabs so people can still eat fish and chips Option B: Sell King crab instead of fish and chips.

Variation What is variation? Why is there variation of organisms of the same type? (species) Why are we similar to our parents?

The Mr Men Match.

Meet our Mr Men And our Little Misses Now lets meet their children!

Who do you think are his parents? Write the answers in your book.

Who do you think are her parents? Write the answers in your book.

Who do you think are his parents? Write the answers in your book.

Who do you think are his parents? Write the answers in your book.

Who do you think are her parents? Write the answers in your book.

Who do you think are her parents? Write the answers in your book.

What did we learn from this? Children inherit features from their parents If two parents have a certain characteristic then their child may show it even more (e.g. Mr Small + Little Miss Tiny = Mr Very Small!) Some things such as glasses, scars and muscles we get from our environment, they are not inherited.

Genetic information The instructions that make up a plant or animal comes from their parents. ½ comes from the sperm and ½ from the egg These instructions are found in the nucleus of the cells. The instructions for each characteristic are called GENES.

We saw that when Mr Small and Little Miss Tiny produced a child it was even smaller. What would happen if Mr Very Small had a child with Little Miss Miniscule??

This is called selective breeding and can be used to make larger animals and crops that produce more fruit Large fruited Mum Large fruited Dad Very large fruited child! At this point give out picture of the giant bull.

Lets see what you’ve learned: Farmer Hemming wants to breed cows that are large and meaty so that he can sell them for more. What advice would you give him in order to produce larger cows? 2. He can’t seem to breed cows with nose rings! Why not? 3. How many chromosomes are in your cells?

Classification What is classification? What are the five main classes of animals? Write the characteristics of each. What is a key?

Sort the cards into 5 groups

When scientists find a new animal/plant they use keys to identify them

Now take 6 items from your pencil case What questions can we ask to help identify the item? Now make a key with the person next to you.

Year 7 Class Key