Section 3 The War at Home

 Rationing: Limiting the amount of something that each person can buy.  Internment camp: A prison like place in which people are held during a war.

 1939: ◦ American factories  6000 airplanes  After Pearl Harbor: ◦ President wanted  50,000 airplanes

 Many stayed open around the clock: ◦ 8-hour shifts  1944: ◦ 90,000 planes  By the end of the war: ◦ Over 70,000 ships ◦ 44 billion bullets ◦ 2.5 million army trucks

 Americans too young or too old: ◦ Worked for Red Cross ◦ Knotted sweaters and socks for troops ◦ Donated blood ◦ Planted vegetable gardens:  Victory gardens (food) ◦ Bought war bonds (help pay for war)

 People received a month’s supply of coupons: ◦ Allowed people to buy products that were hard to get:  Meat  Sugar  Butter  Coffee  Clothing was nearly impossible to get: ◦ Cloth needed for military

 During the war women made up 1/3rd of factory workers: ◦ Many over the age of 35

1. Women in the military: Separated women’s units 2. Worked in military offices: More men could serve in battle 3. Women flew supply planes: Men could fly fighters and bombers 4. Women served as nurses  Women were paid 40% less

 Government set up agencies to direct war effort: ◦ Fuel agency:  Get fuel to armed forces  Encouraged civilian to cut back ◦ Wage-and-price agency:  Controlled food prices  Controlled workers’ pay:  No prices or wages were raised during the war

 More than 27 million Americans moved during the war: ◦ Largest migration in U.S. History  Many African Americans moved to: ◦ Cities in the North East ◦ Midwest ◦ West Coast  Factory work

 Left low paying farm jobs in the south for better paying factory jobs  FDR-signed order: ◦ African Americans were treated fairly in defense plants

 1 million served during WWII: ◦ Still faced discrimination  Given jobs as: ◦ Cooks ◦ Waiters ◦ Workers in supply units  Many African Americans still wanted to be part of the fight

 Created in 1941  All pilots were African American  “Tuskegee Airmen” Job ◦ Protected bombers flying over Europe ◦ No bomber ever shot down  Shot down 103 enemy planes  Destroyed 298 planes on the ground

 More Latinos volunteered than any other group: ◦ Mexican Americans ◦ Puerto Ricans (1 in 4 men in Bataan Death March was a Mexican American) ◦ Still discriminated  300,000+ served during the war  Took jobs from workers who went to war

 Americans fear: ◦ Japanese Americans on the West Coast might help Japan  1942, FDR: ◦ Order them to be put into internment camps  100,000 Japanese Americans ◦ Gave up:  Homes  Farms  businesses

 Thousands of Japanese Americans fought in the war: ◦ 442nd Infantry  Highly decorated  After the War: ◦ U.S. paid some of the Japanese Americans for the loss of their property  No more than 10%

Chapter 22 Section 3 Crossword