20 th Century U.S./Asian Relations Toughest test of the year— STUDY!!!

1) What were the main reasons that Japan was occupied after World War II? We wanted to de-militarize their nation after the war; their nation was in shambles; we forced them to restructure their government and re- write their constitution (see more details in essay question) We wanted to de-militarize their nation after the war; their nation was in shambles; we forced them to restructure their government and re- write their constitution (see more details in essay question)

2) What was Mao Zedong's program to renew the spirit of the Chinese revolution called? The Cultural Revolution The Cultural Revolution

3) Why is there a North Korea and a South Korea? Korea was divided at the 38th parallel at the end of the war & split into 2 separate countries Korea was divided at the 38th parallel at the end of the war & split into 2 separate countries

4) How was Korea controlled after World War II? North Korea became communist; South Korea became a democracy; a 1 mile buffer zone (the DMZ— demilitarized zone) separates the two countries still North Korea became communist; South Korea became a democracy; a 1 mile buffer zone (the DMZ— demilitarized zone) separates the two countries still

5) How was Japan like other imperialist nations? They wanted to colonize Asia and gain more land & resources They wanted to colonize Asia and gain more land & resources

6) What was a common force in all of Indochina's independence movements? Communist party emerged (usually due to Northern influence— think about their neighbors); Forces stepped in to defend the country & fight the spread of communism Communist party emerged (usually due to Northern influence— think about their neighbors); Forces stepped in to defend the country & fight the spread of communism

7) In Japan, the least amount of people work in which sector? Agriculture Agriculture

8) What were the main reasons that Japan went to war against the U.S.? We placed an embargo on their trade (blocked the resources they were taking from China) We placed an embargo on their trade (blocked the resources they were taking from China)

9) Why did the Japanese attack Pearl Harbor? They hoped to take out our aircraft carriers and naval forces They hoped to take out our aircraft carriers and naval forces

10) The Japanese often fought to the last man in combat during WWII. This shows that they were following what beliefs? Bushido; samurai code of ethics; some elements of Confucianism— seeking HONOR Bushido; samurai code of ethics; some elements of Confucianism— seeking HONOR

11) Who were the Kamikaze? Fighters who gave their lives for their country—associated with Japan (suicide pilots, bombers, etc.) Fighters who gave their lives for their country—associated with Japan (suicide pilots, bombers, etc.)

12) What were the reasons for dropping the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki? They were production cities tat provided war supplies; Truman wanted to end the war FAST; the Japanese would not surrender They were production cities tat provided war supplies; Truman wanted to end the war FAST; the Japanese would not surrender

13) Which political party won the civil war in China and established the People's Republic of China on October 1, 1949? The Chinese Communist Party The Chinese Communist Party

14) What country did China model their economic programs after? USSR USSR

15) What is the relationship between Tibet and China, today? Tense, but China still controls Tibet although Tibet wants its freedom Tense, but China still controls Tibet although Tibet wants its freedom

16) A unified China fought with the Allied Forces during WWII. In 1949, The People's Republic of China was established as a communist country. What occurred as a result of this? Domino Theory/Containment Policy; fear of the spread of communism Domino Theory/Containment Policy; fear of the spread of communism

17)During the Korean War, we were there on behalf of the ___________. United Nations (to help the South fight the communists (mainly in the North) the communists (mainly in the North)

18) What was President Truman's MAIN reason for firing General MacArthur? He ignored orders & got too close to China—Truman did NOT want a war with China He ignored orders & got too close to China—Truman did NOT want a war with China

19) During the Korean War, the communists in the ________ were trying to take over rule of the ____________. North, South

20) Korea was divided at the __________ parallel. 38th

21) What countries supplied the Communist North Korea with supplies and resources to fight us? China & the Soviet Union (USSR) China & the Soviet Union (USSR)

22) While we were fighting in Korea, a _________ with the Soviet Union made Americans apprehensive at home. Cold War

23) Which leader proclaimed the Democratic Republic of Vietnam? Ho Chi Minh Ho Chi Minh

24) How did France try to maintain their influence in Indo ‑ China? They supported the anti- Communist monarchy & tried to regain power They supported the anti- Communist monarchy & tried to regain power

25) How was Vietnam split after the Geneva Accords? At the 17th parallel; North & South Vietnam separated (communist north) At the 17th parallel; North & South Vietnam separated (communist north)

26) Which country finally defeated the French at the battle of Dien Bien Phu? North Vietnam North Vietnam

27) Describe Diem's rule in Vietnam? Harsh, corrupt, persecuted Buddhists, no political freedoms Harsh, corrupt, persecuted Buddhists, no political freedoms

28) Which President increased the greatest number of combat troops to Vietnam? Lyndon B. Johnson Lyndon B. Johnson

29) _________ was an attack that instigated U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War? Gulf of Tonkin

30) Who were the Viet Cong? The Communist forces in the South (Guerilla fighters/rebels) The Communist forces in the South (Guerilla fighters/rebels)

31) What was the turning point of the Vietnam War in which the American forces/public began to question whether or not they could win? Tet Offensive Tet Offensive

32) How did Mohandas Gandhi contribute to the independence movement of India? He led a revolution of non-violent non-cooperation to defy the British He led a revolution of non-violent non-cooperation to defy the British

33) The separation of India and Pakistan in 1947 was called __________. partition

34) Gandhi used ________ methods to gain freedom for India. non-violent

35) What was the Indian National Congress? The group that fought for equal rights & eventually home rule for India (led by Gandhi, Jinnah, Nehru, etc.) The group that fought for equal rights & eventually home rule for India (led by Gandhi, Jinnah, Nehru, etc.)

36) Why were India and Pakistan separated? The Muslims in the North wanted their own nation; they split over religious differences The Muslims in the North wanted their own nation; they split over religious differences

37) Why did East Pakistan become the country of Bangladesh? It was too difficult to maintain rule from 2 different areas (geography!) It was too difficult to maintain rule from 2 different areas (geography!)

Short Answer: 38. Why was Communism so appealing to the people of Asia after WWII? Many countries were poor and war-torn following WWII and wanted change; many of their leaders had proved themselves weak during the war Many countries were poor and war-torn following WWII and wanted change; many of their leaders had proved themselves weak during the war

39. Did the containment policy work? Why or why not (explain using specific examples)? Support your opinion with specific examples! Support your opinion with specific examples!

40. What factors led to the rise of Communism in China after WW2? -weak Nationalist leadership during the war -weak Nationalist leadership during the war -government corruption -government corruption -unhappy peasants -unhappy peasants -Mao and other communist revolutionaries emerged as war heroes after fighting the Japanese in WWII & people were more willing to listen to their political ideas -Mao and other communist revolutionaries emerged as war heroes after fighting the Japanese in WWII & people were more willing to listen to their political ideas -The Long March had already helped the communists gain support -The Long March had already helped the communists gain support

41. Compare and contrast the Vietnam and Korean Wars Similarities: Similarities: We were there fighting communism We were there fighting communism Part of Cold War Part of Cold War Communist North trying to take whole country under communist rule Communist North trying to take whole country under communist rule Vietnam: Vietnam: We never invaded the North—we never crossed the 17th parallel We never invaded the North—we never crossed the 17th parallel Changed culture and politics of US forever Changed culture and politics of US forever We were not successful in stopping the communist takeover We were not successful in stopping the communist takeover First televised war First televised war Lack of public support Lack of public support Demilitarized zone (DMZ) utilized at some point between the North & South Demilitarized zone (DMZ) utilized at some point between the North & South Korea: Korea: There for the United Nations There for the United Nations More public support More public support Stopped South Korea from being taken over Stopped South Korea from being taken over

42. How did the United States rebuild Japan after WWII? Why did they want to rebuild the nation? HOW: HOW: We wrote their constitution We wrote their constitution We demilitarized them following the war We demilitarized them following the war We turned them into a parliamentary democracy/constitutional monarchy We turned them into a parliamentary democracy/constitutional monarchy We changed the way that their military could function in the future (defense instead of offense) We changed the way that their military could function in the future (defense instead of offense) WHY: WHY: To make them our ally To make them our ally So that we would never have to fight them again (remove threat) So that we would never have to fight them again (remove threat) Create trade partner Create trade partner