Cold War and the Cuban Missile Crisis. Cold War War of ideologies War of ideologies Capitalism (USA) vs. Communism (USSR) Capitalism (USA) vs. Communism.

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Presentation transcript:

Cold War and the Cuban Missile Crisis

Cold War War of ideologies War of ideologies Capitalism (USA) vs. Communism (USSR) Capitalism (USA) vs. Communism (USSR) Post World War II Bipolarization Post World War II Bipolarization WWII left only two major powers in the world. WWII left only two major powers in the world. Atmosphere of fear and mistrust. Atmosphere of fear and mistrust.

Arms Race U.S. and Soviets begin Nuclear build up U.S. and Soviets begin Nuclear build up Kennedy preaches “Missile Gap” Kennedy preaches “Missile Gap” U.S. behind in Nuclear arms U.S. behind in Nuclear arms “Gap” does not exist “Gap” does not exist U.S. places “Jupitor” missiles in Turkey U.S. places “Jupitor” missiles in Turkey USSR begins Atmospheric testing of warheads USSR begins Atmospheric testing of warheads

American Policies Truman Doctrine Truman Doctrine The U.S. will aid any country in fighting off communism. The U.S. will aid any country in fighting off communism. Monroe Doctrine Monroe Doctrine U.S. aid to help rebuild Europe U.S. aid to help rebuild Europe Stalin refuses aid and forbids eastern European nations from accepting aid. Stalin refuses aid and forbids eastern European nations from accepting aid.

Kennedy and His Advisors Vice President Lyndon Johnson Vice President Lyndon Johnson Secretary of State Dean Rusk Secretary of State Dean Rusk Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara Special Assistant to the President for National Security Special Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs McGeorge Bundy Affairs McGeorge Bundy Secretary of the Treasury Douglas Dillion Secretary of the Treasury Douglas Dillion CIA Director John McCone CIA Director John McCone Attorney General Robert Kennedy Attorney General Robert Kennedy Undersecretary of State George Ball Undersecretary of State George Ball Special Counsel Theodore Sorenson Special Counsel Theodore Sorenson Deputy Secretary of Defense Roswell Gilpatric Deputy Secretary of Defense Roswell Gilpatric Soviet Specialist Llewellyn Thompson Soviet Specialist Llewellyn Thompson

Relations With Cuba Castro Castro Ties to Moscow Ties to Moscow Communist rule Communist rule Bay of Pigs Bay of Pigs Planned invasion of Cuba Planned invasion of Cuba Planning began during Eisenhower administration Planning began during Eisenhower administration Kennedy went ahead with the plan despite some discontent in his cabinet. Kennedy went ahead with the plan despite some discontent in his cabinet. Mission failed Mission failed Castro Knew about the operation Castro Knew about the operation Cuban exiles taken prisoner after defeat (1113) Cuban exiles taken prisoner after defeat (1113) U.S. embarrassment U.S. embarrassment

Missile Crisis Begins October 16, 1962 Soviet Influence Soviet Influence Fear of U.S. invasion of Cuba Fear of U.S. invasion of Cuba Launch sites built in Cuba for Medium Range Ballistic Missiles Launch sites built in Cuba for Medium Range Ballistic Missiles Nuclear warheads delivered Nuclear warheads delivered Missiles can reach any state in the eastern third of the country. Missiles can reach any state in the eastern third of the country. Build-up continues including Surface to Air Missiles and MiG 21 fighters. Build-up continues including Surface to Air Missiles and MiG 21 fighters.

Executive Committee Kennedy’s top advisors meet to discuss options. Kennedy’s top advisors meet to discuss options. Some “Hawks” support air strikes against launch sites. Some “Hawks” support air strikes against launch sites. Some support full invasion. Some support full invasion. “Doves” and Kennedy see the consequences of such action. “Doves” and Kennedy see the consequences of such action. Ex-comm settles on “Quarantine” of Cuba to stop any further shipments of Soviet Military Supplies. Ex-comm settles on “Quarantine” of Cuba to stop any further shipments of Soviet Military Supplies. “Blockade” is an act of War “Blockade” is an act of War

Negotiations Castro calls for Kruschev to authorize a preemptive Nuclear strike Castro calls for Kruschev to authorize a preemptive Nuclear strike Kruschev denied his calls for war Kruschev denied his calls for war MAD - Mutually Assured Destruction MAD - Mutually Assured Destruction 2 notes on Oct 26 th 2 notes on Oct 26 th 1 st note from Kruschev 1 st note from Kruschev Appears to accept U.S. calls for removal of Missiles in exchange for end of quarantine and a promise not to invade Cuba. Appears to accept U.S. calls for removal of Missiles in exchange for end of quarantine and a promise not to invade Cuba. 2 nd note from Kruschev 2 nd note from Kruschev Demands additional measures by the U.S. Demands additional measures by the U.S. Removal of Jupiter missiles from Turkey Removal of Jupiter missiles from Turkey

Cold War Heats Up Soviet ships and submarines approach Quarantine line Soviet ships and submarines approach Quarantine line One Soviet Sub splits two American Ships One Soviet Sub splits two American Ships Warnings sent to Sub to stop Warnings sent to Sub to stop The most tense point of the Crisis The most tense point of the Crisis 30 minutes Kennedy held his breath for word on the submarines response 30 minutes Kennedy held his breath for word on the submarines response Report comes that all Soviet ships had stopped Report comes that all Soviet ships had stopped “We stood eyeball to eyeball and the other guy just blinked” Robert Kennedy “We stood eyeball to eyeball and the other guy just blinked” Robert Kennedy

Resolution Neither Country wanted Nuclear war Neither Country wanted Nuclear war U.S. and the USSR compromised U.S. and the USSR compromised Soviet missiles out of Cuba Soviet missiles out of Cuba U.S. missiles out of Turkey U.S. missiles out of Turkey Direct phone line established between the White House and the Kremlin Direct phone line established between the White House and the Kremlin U.S. agreed to sell wheat to the Soviets. U.S. agreed to sell wheat to the Soviets.

American Society Fear permeates the country Fear permeates the country Bomb shelters and “Duck and Cover” drills Bomb shelters and “Duck and Cover” drills

Cold War Continues U.S. and Soviets continue the arms race and competition for world power. U.S. and Soviets continue the arms race and competition for world power. Vietnam rises out of fear of the spread of communism. Vietnam rises out of fear of the spread of communism. Containment – Domino Theory Containment – Domino Theory Cold War ends with the fall of the USSR in Cold War ends with the fall of the USSR in 1991.