Using EMME/2 in environmental studies in the Czech Republic Mgr. Jiří Dufek, Mgr. Ivo Dostál Centrum dopravního výzkumu (Transport Research Centre) nd EMME2 Users Conference, Seattle, USAOctober 19 th – 21 th, 2005

Introduction - only one licence in the Czech Republic - one year experience in urban transport modeling of Brno city and Zlin town will be presented - pioneer approach: no EMME/2 in Czechia before - distributors are from Hungary (completely different language) - we learn ourselves (no courses in Europe) 19 nd EMME2 Users Conference, Seattle, USAOctober 19 th – 21 th, 2005

Brno city model 19 nd EMME2 Users Conference, Seattle, USAOctober 19 th – 21 th, 2005 Description of city: - 2nd largest city in the Czech republic - approximately inhabitants - relatively well developed public transport system (run by local government owned company DPmB)

Brno city model -modes 19 nd EMME2 Users Conference, Seattle, USAOctober 19 th – 21 th, 2005 Transportation modes:

Brno city model – public transport 19 nd EMME2 Users Conference, Seattle, USAOctober 19 th – 21 th, 2005 Transit vehicles (normal and joint)

Brno city model - functions 19 nd EMME2 Users Conference, Seattle, USAOctober 19 th – 21 th, 2005 Used functions: t functions init a fd1 =(length * 60 / el1 / 100) * (1 + ((volau + volad) / (lanes * el2 )) ^ 5) a ft1 =length * 60 / (speed * 100) a ft2 =length * 60 * 1.8 / (speed * 100) a fp1 =.1 a fp2 =.2 e1=ul1= free flow link speed e2 = estimation of a link capacity (depending on link type) - the only 1 volume – delay (BPR function) - 2 transit time functions: ft2 in centre core - 2 simple turn – penalty functions – only penalization without the dependence on turn volumes

Brno city model - network 19 nd EMME2 Users Conference, Seattle, USAOctober 19 th – 21 th, 2005 Network: centroids, 1814 regular nodes, more 6000 links, 113 intersections and 57 transit lines, - centroids = specific zones created by an overlapping of the zones of traffic research and urban zones -ui1, ui2, ui3 = numbers of individual urbanistic zones are described in each centroid, -only 1 scenario is done up to now, -Xi and Yi are in the S-JTSK projection (used in Central Europe), -Xi and Yi are in meters = ling length in meters (or 10-meters, 100-meters...) – recalculation with 2.41 module

Brno city model – auto network 19 nd EMME2 Users Conference, Seattle, USAOctober 19 th – 21 th, 2005 Auto network: Red links = main roads Green links = local roads

Brno city model - network 19 nd EMME2 Users Conference, Seattle, USAOctober 19 th – 21 th, 2005 Network: - The links are classified with the help of link type. The link type corresponds approximately to free flow speed, which is input as user link data 1 (ul1) as in Table 1. Road type Link type ul 1 (speed in km/h) motorways D1 (Brno - Prague) and D2 (Brno - Bratislava, Slovak Republic) express roads (R52) st class roads outside the city880 Big City Circle (outer) Small City Circle (inner) linear roads from/to center - main550 linear roads from/to center - minor440 local main roads local adjoining roads pedestrian links (in parks, public green space...)1----

Brno city model – transit network 19 nd EMME2 Users Conference, Seattle, USAOctober 19 th – 21 th, 2005 Transit network: - 13 tram 11 trolleybus and 33 bus lines - trams in centre delayed due to high density and sharing the road with cars: ttf = 2 tram lines with background transit network

Brno city model – transit network 19 nd EMME2 Users Conference, Seattle, USAOctober 19 th – 21 th, 2005 Transit network: - trolleybuses and buses used for the connection of the centre and housing zones - node labels are used for transit stops names lines in centre with node labels - transit stop names

Brno city model – matrices 19 nd EMME2 Users Conference, Seattle, USAOctober 19 th – 21 th, 2005 Auto demand matrix: mf1 - has been created from traffic research and modified - modification in order to have the batch input format - updating: new centroids = new shopping centers, data from population census (2001) Transit demand matrix: mf2 - calculated from mf 1 (resp. mo1 and md1) according to modal split (no modal split model used) - averaged modal split in Brno : 45 % auto, 55 % public transit - vary from 30:70 (centre) to about 80:20 (suburb) - created by matrix balancing, with the help of mo, md and unit matrix (default=1) or exponential function of travel time (examples in the EMME/2 manual)

Brno city model – matrices 19 nd EMME2 Users Conference, Seattle, USAOctober 19 th – 21 th, 2005 Auto and transit travel time matrices - obtained from the fixed demand auto and transit assignment all mf matrices

Brno city model – auto assignment 19 nd EMME2 Users Conference, Seattle, USAOctober 19 th – 21 th, 2005 Auto assignment: - standard equilibrium auto assignment - assigned volumes are stored in an extra attribute

Brno city model – NOx emissions 19 nd EMME2 Users Conference, Seattle, USAOctober 19 th – 21 th, 2005 Emission calculation (using the module 2.41) - NOx emission factors per a vehicle (g/km) in extra depends on the delayed speed: ul2: (ul2=length*60/timau) - NOx emission (ul3) NOx emission factors of passenger cars (from database of Czech vehicles – mainly Skoda) Delayed speed (ul2) [km/h] NOx [g/km] < – – – – >

Brno city model – NOx emissions 19 nd EMME2 Users Conference, Seattle, USAOctober 19 th – 21 th, 2005 Results of NOx emissions calculation A screenshot of auto links with NOx emissions The NOx emissions in Brno model network (grams per meter)

Brno city model – transit assignment 19 nd EMME2 Users Conference, Seattle, USAOctober 19 th – 21 th, 2005 Fixed demand transit assignment - done for the future modeling of the planned actions in Brno: Park and Ride, shift of Central Railway station, etc.. - fixed demand transit assignment = transit volumes of individual lines and segments, wait time factor = weights for perceived individual component of travel time are estimated = 1, except pedestrian - auxiliary transit time weight= 1.3 – better results

Brno city model – transit assignment 19 nd EMME2 Users Conference, Seattle, USAOctober 19 th – 21 th, 2005 Fixed demand transit assignment results All transit lines and nodes with daily boarding > There is a plan to shift the Central Railway Station on the south (?) - the most of people travel in western part of the inner ring – more 130 thousands per a day - the Central Railway Station is a stop with most of people boarding and alighting – more than 65 thousands per a day ()

Brno city model – transit assignment 19 nd EMME2 Users Conference, Seattle, USAOctober 19 th – 21 th, 2005 Auxiliary transit assignment results initial boarding (violet) transfer boarding (yellow) - pedestrian traffic in northern part of city centre

Brno city model – transit assignment 19 nd EMME2 Users Conference, Seattle, USAOctober 19 th – 21 th, 2005 Auxiliary transit assignment results initial boarding (violet) transfer boarding (yellow) - pedestrian traffic in southern part of city centre

Brno city model – verification 19 nd EMME2 Users Conference, Seattle, USAOctober 19 th – 21 th, 2005 Verification of the results - very long process … (first assigments were totally wrong …) - results of National Traffic Census are available in Brno city but only for the motorways and 1st class roads - approaching to the observed volumes = repeating the process many times (modification of inputs, repeated asignments) - public transport: some data about boarding and alighting in Central Railway Station and in surrounding were available. - which inputs had to be modified ? Almost all: VDF, TPF, TTF, speed (ul1), estimation of capacity … - fixed inputs: network data, auto demand matrix mf1

Zlin town model 19 nd EMME2 Users Conference, Seattle, USAOctober 19 th – 21 th, 2005 Introduction - Zlin is home town of shoemaker Tomas Bata - the goal of the modeling = evaluation of an impact of planned roads - predict the changes in traffic, which should come with the construction of new roads - the model does not involve public transport until now, even though the public transport is well developed in this town - 2 scenarios are dome: present state anf the future state, after supposed 2 new planned roads: „Right Shore“ road and - 42 centroids, 175 regular nodes, 592 links and 4 intersections - nodes and centroids are in the S-JTSK coordinate system (like in Brno city

Zlin town model – present situation 19 nd EMME2 Users Conference, Seattle, USAOctober 19 th – 21 th, 2005 Scenario 1 - the town shape is very extended in east - west direction - one big avenue with heavy traffic burden and a lot of congestions is the horizontal hub of the town - many houses are situated close to this noisy and dusty road. Assigned volumes in Scenario 1 - present state

Zlin town model – present situation 19 nd EMME2 Users Conference, Seattle, USAOctober 19 th – 21 th, 2005 Scenario 1 - the detail of the central part

Zlin town model – present situation 19 nd EMME2 Users Conference, Seattle, USAOctober 19 th – 21 th, 2005 Emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) - traffic volumes in both scenarios were used for the calculation of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from transport - share of light and heavy duty vehicles and buses is 5-7 % on main road and only about 1-2 % in local road - share of buses has been estimated according to public transport timetables Transport modeDaily emission of CO2 [tonnes] passenger cars147.2 light duty vehicles22.4 heavy duty vehicles35.0 buses11.4 t o t a l216.1

Zlin town model – traffic prediction 19 nd EMME2 Users Conference, Seattle, USAOctober 19 th – 21 th, 2005 Scenario 2 -Assignment of the same matrix on the network with planned roads - efficiency of 2 planned roads: express road "Right Shore" and connection "Prstenska". „ Right Shore Road “ „ Prstenska“ connection

Zlin town model – traffic prediction 19 nd EMME2 Users Conference, Seattle, USAOctober 19 th – 21 th, 2005 Scenario 2 - the detail of the predicted traffic in central part

Conclusions 19 nd EMME2 Users Conference, Seattle, USAOctober 19 th – 21 th, 2005 Brno city -transport modeling should be an important part of environmental impact assessment especially in Brno city, -planned actions in Brno are: planned shift of Central Railway Station, finalization of the Big City Circle, building of parking houses and its best location, Park and Ride system, -the model should help to evaluate all possible scenarios and optimal strategy, - more scenarios for Brno model are planned, - more advanced modeling techiques (modal split, generalised costs, multiclass and variable demand assignment, etc..

Conclusions – planned work 19 nd EMME2 Users Conference, Seattle, USAOctober 19 th – 21 th, 2005 Zlin town -The public transit will be add to the databank Other models (national, regional) -The national model is in the beginning (network) -Regional models with a help of coding of national model subnetwork -Intercity matrix = help of population census 2001

Contact Centrum dopravního výzkumu (Transport Research Centre) Líšenská 33a, Brno Czech Republic Section of Environment Křižíkova 70, Brno Czech Republic Telephone: (+420) Fax: (+420)