Life Stages

GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT Begins with birth Ends with death

LIFE STAGES Person differ greatly Every person passes through certain stages of growth and development

CLASSIFICATIONS SEVEN STAGES Infancy - birth to 1 year Early childhood - 1 -6 years Late childhood - 6-12 years Adolescence - 12 -20 years Early adulthood - 20 - 40 years Middle adulthood - 40 - 65 years Late adulthood - 65 and up

TYPES OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT 4 TYPES Physical: Body growth Mental: development of mind Emotional: feelings Social: interactions & relationship

CHARACTERISTICS OF STAGES Tasks progress from simple to complex foundations for the next stage rate of accomplishment varies

INFANCY Ages birth - 1 year of age

Physical Development Dramatic & Rapid changes tripled weight muscular & nervous system immature reflex actions muscle coordination develops teeth vision

Mental Development Rapid during first year respond to discomforts pain, cold, or hunger by crying gradually become more aware of surroundings recognize individuals As infants respond to stimuli learning activities grow speech

Social Development Progresses from the total self-centered concept of the newborn to a gradual recognition of others in the environment 4 months recognize persons who care for them smile stare at others 6 months watch activities of others show signs of possessiveness shy or withdrawn from strangers

Social Development 6 months 12 months watch activities show signs of possessiveness 12 months shy with strangers socialize freely with familiar people mimic & imitate gestures facial expressions vocal sounds

Social cont dependent on others for all needs Love & security food, cleanliness & rest are essential for physical growth Love & security essential for mental growth

EARLY CHILDHOOD AGES 1- 6

Physical Development Slower than during infancy Skeletal and muscle development helps a child look more like an adult legs & lower body tend to grow more rapidly then the head, arms & chest muscle coordination run, climb, and move freely finger muscles develop learns to write, draw & use a fork & knife

Physical continued Age 2 - 3 2-4 years of age most teeth have erupted digestive system is mature enough to handle most adult food 2-4 years of age learn bowel & bladder control

MENTAL DEVELOPMENT Advances rapidly during early childhood Verbal growth age 6 1,500 -2,500

Mental 2 year olds short attention span interested in many activities remember details begins understanding concepts

Mental 4 year old ask frequent questions recognize letters and some words begin to make decisions based on logic rather than trial & error

MENTAL CONT. 6 YR OLD Very Verbal wants to learn how to read Memory has developed make decisions based on both past and present experiences

EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT Ages 1 to 2 develops self awareness and the effect they have on others limits are usually established for safety Anger, temper tantrums may occur if desired performance not accomplished likes routine becomes stubborn, angry, or frustrated when changes occur

Emotional Development Ages 4 - 6 gain more control over emotions know right or wrong more independent less anxiety when faced with new experiences

SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT Self – Centered 1yr old Sociable 6 yr old Later yrs Put self first Trust people

Needs Food, rest shelter, protection, love and security Routine, order, consistency in daily life Taught to be responsible and must learn how to conform to rules

LATE CHILDHOOD OR PREADOLESCENCE 6-12YRS

PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT Slow but steady Gain 5-7 pounds per year Ht increase 2-3 inches per year Muscle coordination well developed Physical activities that require complex motor-sensory skills Loose teeth Visual acuity the best 10-12 sexual maturation may begin

MENTAL DEVELOPMENT Increases due to school Speech skills develop more completely Reading & writing should be learned Information used to solve problems Memory becomes more complex Understands more abstract concepts Loyalty, honesty, values,and morals

EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT Age 6 Frightened and uncertain as they begin school Reassuring parents and success in school helps gain self-confidence Fears replaced with coping abilities Learn to control emotions

Ages 10 –12 Sexual maturation and body changes Restless and anxious Difficult to understand

SOCIAL CHANGES 7 years Activities they can do by self Approval of others especially parents and friends

Ages 8-10 Group oriented Forms groups with members of own sex Ready to accept some opinions of others Conforms to rules and standards of behavior

Ages 10-12 Tend to make friends more easily Increasing awareness of opposite sex Gradually move away from parents

NEEDS Basic needs Reassurance parental approval peer acceptance

ADOLESCENCE AGES 12 -20

PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT Growth spurts can cause rapid increases in wt & ht awkwardness or clumsiness Puberty development of the sexual organs and secondary sexual characteristics secretions of sex hormones

MENTAL DEVELOPMENT Increase knowledge and social skills Learn to make decisions; accept responsibility for actions Treated both like child and adult

Emotional Development Often stormy and in conflict Concerned about their appearance Respond more to peer groups May create a conflict with vales previously established

Later Years of Adolescence Self-Identity has been established Feel more comfortable with who they are Concerned about career

Social Development Move away from family Security in groups of people their own age Develop a more mature attitude and patterns of behavior

Needs Reassurance, support and understanding Basic needs

Eating Disorders Often develops from an excessive concern with appearance Anorexia Nervosa Bulimia

Chemical Abuse Development of a physical and /or mental dependence on these chemicals. Trying to relieve anxiety or stres Peer pressure Escape from problems Experiementation

Suicide One of the leading causes of death in adolescents Reasons Depression Grief Failure in school Not meeting expectations Lack of self-esteem

Suicide warning signs Verbal statements such as “I’d rather be dead,” or “you’d be better off without me” Sudden changes in appetite and sleep habits Withdrawal and moodiness Excessive fatigue or agitation Alcohol or drug abuse