Ranko Pinter TETRA Association TETRA Positioning Ranko Pinter TETRA Association

Agenda TETRA market overview What makes TETRA different Comparison with other technologies incl. Tetrapol/ GSM/ CDMA Future/ roadmap – TETRA & convergence Conclusions

Global TETRA Contacts by Sept. 2003

Global TETRA Contracts - by Region

Global TETRA Contracts - by Sector

Global TETRA Contracts 2003 Summary Figures collated in a period from March to September 2003 Total number of Contracts 325 from 55 countries 84% growth over last 14 months (176 in 2002) Transportation fastest growing Sector (139%) Latin America fastest growing Region (156%)

TETRA - Three Key Markets Private Operator PMR Self-provided Public Operator PAMR

TETRA Versatility Mobile Data Radio Telephony

Markets & Applications (Ansoff) New Related Existing Vehicle Location/ Navigation Fleets Private Users Video Streaming Extending Functionality to existing PMR/PAMR Applications Information Retrieval Monitoring/ Tracking Picture Messaging Internet & Intranet Extending TETRA to white collar workers in existing industry segments “Blue Collar” PMR / PAMR Voice Plus Limited Data Markets

Comms Technology - Traditional Increasing Information Importance Specialist Non-Tactical Military Police and Security Customs and Excise PMR Fire and Ambulance Mineral Extraction Transport and Utilities Cellular Increasing User Base Business and General Commerce Fixed Telephony Consumer

Comms Technology – New Positioning Increasing Information Importance PMR TETRA Non-tactical Military (COTS) Police and Security Customs and Excise Fire and Ambulance Mineral Extraction Transport and Utilities Business and General Commerce Consumer Cellular - GSM Increasing User Base Fixed Telephony

TETRA for Emergency Services Disasters – both natural and man-made Major Incidents/ fires Incidents RTA (Road Traffic Accidents) Routine policing

TETRA for Utilities Storms Floodings Earthquakes Maintenance of power-lines and gas pipes

TETRA for Transportation Road closures/ diversions due to scheduled or unscheduled events, e.g. RTA, roadwork, public demonstration, etc. Timetable changes Security alerts Address queries (taxis) Track-to-train (railways)

Urgency & Importance of Info ‘Life or Death’ TETRA Information Importance GSM High (non- routine) DECT Low-to- Medium (routine) Non-urgent <1 min Urgent <10 sec Immediate <1 sec Time-criticality of call set-up

TETRA spectrum efficiency 200kHz bandwidth GSM Half-rate GSM (future) PMR 25 kHz PMR 12.5 kHz APCO25 (US) Tetrapol TETRA 200 kHz carrier 8 channels 16 channels 25 kHz channel 8 channels / 200 kHz 12.5 kHz channels 16 channels / 200 kHz 25 kHz carrier 4 channels / carrier 32 channels / 200 kHz

Traffic Flows for Cellular PSTN/ ISDN 20% of PSTN Calls are PSTN initiated PSTN Calls 85% Inter-Region Calls - 5% MOBILE NETWORK REGION A Introduction Simoco International formerly Philips Radio Communications. Principle activities; Professional private mobile radio systems, Tetra digital radio systems, Command and Control, Police, Fire, Ambulance and Utilities. Presentation - Role for GSM in the Development of UMTS Structure How current mobile and personal systems are responding to the changes in society and meeting the needs of the personal communication user. The extent that GSM is meeting those needs. What is needed from the Next Generation - UMTS. How UMTS will evolve from GSM. How the development of UMTS is being managed across Europe. Integration of standards. Time table for introduction. but firstly some background to the societal changes which are occurring as we move to the information society. MOBILE NETWORK REGION B Intra- Region Calls - 10% 80% of PSTN calls are mobile-initiated 2 10

Traffic Flows for PMR PSTN/ ISDN Inter-Region MOBILE NETWORK REGION A Intra- Region Calls - 90% PSTN Calls- 5% <1% of PSTN Calls are PSTN initiated REGION B PSTN/ ISDN Inter-Region Calls - 5% 60% of Intra-Region Calls are to and from a Despatcher Introduction Simoco International formerly Philips Radio Communications. Principle activities; Professional private mobile radio systems, Tetra digital radio systems, Command and Control, Police, Fire, Ambulance and Utilities. Presentation - Role for GSM in the Development of UMTS Structure How current mobile and personal systems are responding to the changes in society and meeting the needs of the personal communication user. The extent that GSM is meeting those needs. What is needed from the Next Generation - UMTS. How UMTS will evolve from GSM. How the development of UMTS is being managed across Europe. Integration of standards. Time table for introduction. but firstly some background to the societal changes which are occurring as we move to the information society. 2 10

TETRA Codec - Block Diagram analogue TETRA TETRA TETRA TETRA speech Voice Voice Voice Voice Encoder Encoder Decoder Decoder 8 kHz 8 KHz 8 kHz 8 kHz Sampling Sampling Importance Sampling 4.567 kbps 4.567 kbps Factor 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits TETRA TETRA TETRA TETRA Channel Channel Channel Channel Encoding Encoding Decoding Decoding FEC+ CRC FEC+ CRC Bad Frame Flag Three levels of Hi Hi bit stream Med.. Med.. TX TX RX RX protection FEC 7.2 kbps 7.2 kbps No No

TETRA-GSM Codec Comparison Subjective Assessment - Mean Opinion Score (MOS) For ‘clean’ speech, with IRS processed input (weighted input frequency characteristic), these results put both TETRA and GSM Full-rate codecs between Scores 3 & 4. MOS=Mean Opinion Score MOS 4 Excellent quality : Imperceptible impairment MOS 3 Good quality : Just perceptible impairment, but not annoying

Codec Performance Comparison with analogue FM TETRA Quality FM Range Low background noise Quality TETRA FM High background noise Close to the base station at high carrier-to-noise ratio (C/N) and in areas of low background noise, FM quality just has the edge over TETRA, however, if there is high background noise TETRA gives superior quality. As the range from the base station increases and the carrier-to-noise ratio worsens, FM speech quality falls off gradually, but TETRA quality holds up for longer. PMR systems are frequently operating near their limits of coverage and this extra quality with TETRA is valuable. Range

TETRA Codec Comparison with analogue FM 1 Male Moderate C/N 1 & 2 3 & 4 Comparison with analogue FM Quality FM ETSI demo 2 phrases Analogue 2 phrases TETRA TETRA Range 1 Male Moderate C/N 2 Female Moderate C/N TETRA channel subjected to various Error Patterns (Typical Urban and Hilly Terrain). Analogue channel noise set for comparable RF quality. Error/noise models are not the same, but are meant to represent equivalent conditions. 2 phrases - first for Reference Condition (FM), then for TETRA. 1 Male, medium audio level, moderate RF quality 2 Female, medium audio level, moderate RF quality 3 Male, low audio level, poor RF quality 4 Female, low audio level, poor RF quality 3 Male Poor C/N 4 Female Poor C/N

Mobile Communications Convergence Phones Notebooks Pagers with email PDAs with RF modems

TETRA and Other Standards Features Traffic Channel (kHz) Wide Area Coverage (WAC) Inherent Ease of Duplex Telephony Services PMR Services Priority & Pre-emption Call set-up Time < 0.5 sec Group & Broadcast Call Queued Call Comprehensive Security Terminal Autonomy (DMO) Robust Low-rate Codec Concurrent Voice & Data TETRA 6.25 GSM 25 DECT 166.6 APCO25 12.5 ü

TETRA and Tetrapol Tetrapol based on Matracom - 1986 technolgy developed for French MoI Proprietary technology developed by Matra whilst developing ETSI Standard with others Named Tetrapol after ETSI named TETRA Attempt to have it adopted by ETSI as standard in 1998 comprehensively rejected Today still a single source proprietary technology of EADS

TETRA and GSM-R Taiwan High Speed Rail In competition with GSM-R TETRA won the Contract Taiwan High Speed Rail Top speed 300 KM/hr.

Up to 4 times better coverage with TETRA than GSM-R TETRA and GSM-R (2) From GSM-R to TETRA Cologne-Frankfurt 177 km 47 km tunnels 56 base stations 3,2 Km coverage average Taiwan HSR 347 km 120 km tunnels 26 base stations 13,3 Km coverage average x 2 x 2.5 x 0.5 x 4 Source: http://www.cellular-news.com/story/7331.shtml Up to 4 times better coverage with TETRA than GSM-R

TETRA and GPRS/ 3G Push-To-Talk Proposal for adding Push-to-Talk (PTT) facility to GPRS and 3G Aimed at the recreational / family use, e.g. Family holidays, camping, shopping, mother-to-child safety Low Qality of Service Expected call setup around 5 sec. & message delay 1-3 sec. Limited group size No Supplementary Services like Late Entry, DGNA, Ambience Listening, discreet Listening, Standard GSM security Threat? Delays by the non-informed decision makers Extra opportunities for Consultants!

TETRA and GSM Use of GSM network is an attractive alternative to rolling out a new nationwide network for Emergency Services So far it has been rejected in all countries that have considered it This has not prevented several others still going through the same process, e.g. Norway (GSM-R; Telenor; Nexia) Sweden (Rakel; Stelacon) Germany (Vodaphone) Denmark (UMTS)

TETRA and GSM GSM-BOS is a proposal by Vodafone Germany to upgrade their GSM network to meet the needs of Emergency Services Success crucially depends on: Ability to push several key items through ETSI standardisation and fast ADCI (Advanced Data Call Items) Connectivity Server Interfaces Availability of professional dual-mode GSM-TETRA DMO terminals Similar to ill-fated GSM-Pro promoted by Ericsson for several years

ASCI features (incl. GSM-R and GSM 2+) and ADCI TETRA and GSM-BOS DMO* Connectivity Server ASCI features (incl. GSM-R and GSM 2+) and ADCI Public GSM Network ASCI = Advanced Speech Call Items; ADCI = Advanced Data Call Items; DMO = TETRA

TETRA and CDMA CDMA is a broadand technology designed for hi-volume consumer cellular market Minimum roll-out requires 2 x 1.25MHz for initial CDMA carrier (same frequency used in every cell) - provides 25-30 voice channels Additional 2 x 1.25MHz per additional CDMA carrier 2 CDMA carriers plus guard bands will require around 2 x 3 MHz 1.25 MHz CDMA Carrier #1 Narrowband Channels Guard Band 200 kHz CDMA Carrier #2 Approx 3 MHz

TETRA and CDMA According to Lucent: The world needs more economical 3G solution for rural coverage Lower frequencies are the key to reducing the costs They are looking for support to have the 400 MHz range recognised by the ITU as an identified 3G band Some addaptations were made for PAMR market Appears to be the strategy for getting into European cellular market ”by the backdoor” East Europe As a replacement technology for the old analogue NMT West Europe Changing Dolphin licence for TETRA PAMR

TETRA Market Opportunities - @LIS @LIS is ALiance for the Information Society 4-year programme launched by EC Total budget of 77.5M€ TETRA is ETSI partner on its stand at Futurecom 2003 TETRA MoU plans to hold series of workshops & seminars in 2004/5 The only multivendor technology for PMR in Latin America

TETRA Market Opportunities - @LIS PMR Technologies Marketed in Latin America MPT 1327 Tetrapol APCO iDEN EDACS TETRA LTR TETRA marketing activity started only recently

TETRA In a Nutshell TETRA is cellular+ because, in addition to mobile telephony (voice and data): TETRA enables time-critical non-routine, communication to the professionals operating in closed-user-groups, TETRA offers a wide range of PMR services and higher levels of security & encryption TETRA is designed to operate in the critical situations that require highly dependable - secure, robust and resilient - equipments and systems.

TETRA - 4WD / SUV of Mobile Comms

.. the toolbox for the professionals 3

Conclusions TETRA is following GSM experience that has shown that standardisation & globalisation are the key ingredients for success of any technology Growing threat to safety and security of public is increasingly demanding the use of professional, robust & resilient communication equipments and systems, like TETRA - designed for the task TETRA standard has propelled the PMR and PAMR onto the centre stage of the Global Mobile Communications. With addition of Release 2 TETRA will, for the foreseeable future, continue to compliment Cellular.

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