  Why is it important? -Contains hereditary material -Directs cell function DNA.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Chapter 10 Table of Contents Section 1 Discovery of DNA
Advertisements

Chapter 10 Table of Contents Section 1 Discovery of DNA
DNA Replication and RNA Production Selent. Replication The process of copying DNA The two chains of nucleotides separate by unwinding and act as templates.
Chapter 10 Table of Contents Section 1 Discovery of DNA
DNA and RNA. I. DNA Structure Double Helix In the early 1950s, American James Watson and Britain Francis Crick determined that DNA is in the shape of.
RNA Transcription.
Central Dogma of Biology
Chapter # Discovery of DNA 10.2 DNA Structure
RNA Ribonucleic Acid.
12-3: RNA AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS Biology 2. DNA double helix structure explains how DNA can be copied, but not how genes work GENES: sequence of DNA that.
DNA Chapter 10.
1 Vocabulary Review Nucleic Acids. 2 Enzyme that unwinds & separates the DNA strands Helicase.
CHAPTER 10: DNA,RNA & Protein Synthesis
Chapter 10 – DNA, RNA, and Protein Synthesis
RNA AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS RNA vs DNA RNADNA 1. 5 – Carbon sugar (ribose) 5 – Carbon sugar (deoxyribose) 2. Phosphate group Phosphate group 3. Nitrogenous.
DNA and RNA Chapter 12. Types of Nucleic Acids DNA (Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid) RNA (Ribose Nucleic Acid)
KEY CONCEPT DNA structure is the same in all organisms.
Chapter 10: RNA & Protein Synthesis Mrs. Cook Biology
Structure, replication, transcription.  DNA is composed of nucleotides- which contain a phosphate group, a sugar (deoxyribose), and a nitrogen containing.
KEY CONCEPT DNA structure is the same in all organisms.
DNA and RNA Objectives: 8.0 Identify the structure and function of DNA, RNA, and protein. 8.1 Explaining relationships among DNA, genes, and chromosomes.
Transcription & Translation Chapter 17 (in brief) Biology – Campbell Reece.
DNA Review  Contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all organisms  Found in the nucleus of cells!  Made.
DNA Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid – is the information code to make an organism and controls the activities of the cell. –Mitosis copies this code so that all.
RNA and Protein Synthesis
RNA AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
Transcription and Translation How genes are expressed (a.k.a. How proteins are made) Biology.
DNA & RNA Replication & Transcription Central Dogma: DNA—RNA--Protein.
DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid. DNA Structure What is DNA? The information that determines an organisms traits. DNA produces proteins which gives it “The.
Structure of DNA DNA is made up of a long chain of nucleotides
8-2 DNA Structure & Replication  DNA - Carries information about heredity on it genes.  Deoxyribonucleic Acid  belongs to the class of macromolecules.
DNA, RNA and PROTEIN SYNTHESIS. WHAT MAKES UP DNA? IT IS A MOLECULE COMPOSED OF CHEMICAL SUBUNITS CALLED NUCLEOTIDES.
DNA Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid – is the information code to make an organism and controls the activities of the cell. –Mitosis copies this code so that all.
Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis. Nucleic Acids DNA DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid Deoxyribonucleic Acid RNA RNA Ribonucleic Acid Ribonucleic Acid.
Do you know what this is?. DNA Stands for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid It is a long molecule called a polymer Shape: double helix.
DNA. Unless you have an identical twin, you, like the sisters in this picture will share some, but not all characteristics with family members.
DNA. An organism’s genetic material Located on chromosomes Genes are segments on DNA Contains information needed for an organism to grow, maintain itself,
Chapter 10 DNA, RNA, and Protein Synthesis Section 10.1 Discovery of DNA.
DNA, RNA, and Protein Synthesis. What is DNA? DNA- Deoxyribonucleic Acid Function is to store and transmit hereditary information. In prokaryotes- located.
DNA and RNA Structure of DNA Chromosomes and Replication Transcription and Translation Mutation and Gene Regulation.
8.2 KEY CONCEPT DNA structure is the same in all organisms.
Notes: Transcription DNA vs. RNA
Inheritance and the Structure of DNA
Chapter 10 – DNA, RNA, and Protein Synthesis
What is a genome? The complete set of genetic instructions (DNA sequence) of a species.
DNA Replication.
Chapter 12 DNA and RNA.
The Double Helix.
RNA Another Nucleic Acid.
Protein Synthesis.
Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis
Nucleotide.
DNA and Genes Chapter 11.
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
KEY CONCEPT DNA structure is the same in all organisms.
Chapter 12 DNA and RNA.
How Proteins are Made Biology I: Chapter 10.
Review.
RNA is a nucleic acid made of linked nucleotides.
KEY CONCEPT DNA structure is the same in all organisms.
Intro to Transcription
Genes and Protein Synthesis Review
7.3 RNA and Protein Synthesis
TRANSCRIPTION DNA mRNA.
Protein Synthesis.
Protein Synthesis.
Unit 3: Genetics Part 1: Genetic Informaiton
DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid.
Presentation transcript:

  Why is it important? -Contains hereditary material -Directs cell function DNA

  1. phosphate  2. deoxyribose sugar  3. nitrogenous bases WHERE ARE THEY FOUND? -nucleus WHAT THREE THINGS MAKE UP DNA?

  - sugar backbone  -nitrogenous bases bonded with a hydrogen bond  “double helix” DESCRIBE THE SHAPE OF DNA

  - Adenine (A)  -Guanine (G)  -Cytosine (C)  - Thymine (T) WHAT ARE THE 4 NITROGENOUS BASES?

  Adenine-Thymine A-T  Guanine-Cytosine G-C *PURINES-double ring of carbon & nitrogen Adenine & Guanine *PYRIMIDINES-single ring of carbon & nitrogen Cytosine & Thymine WHICH ONES PAIR TOGETHER?

  GATTACA  CTAATGT COMPLEMENTARY BASES

  WHEN DOES IT OCCUR? “S” phase of interphase  WHY DOES IT OCCUR? because the cell divides DNA REPLICATION

  1. helicase separates double helix “unzips” it  2. DNA polymerases add complementary nucleotides  3. DNA polymerases finish replicating DNA and fall off THREE STEPS OF REPLICATION

  An incorrect nitrogenous base is added to a DNA molecule.  WHERE IS THE MUTATION? CATGATC GTACAAG WHAT IS A MUTATION?

 1.Deletion 2.Insertion 3.Inversion 4.Duplication FOUR TYPES OF MUTATIONS

  WHAT IS A GENE? A segment of DNA that is located on a chromosome and that codes for a hereditary character. PROTEINS AND RNA

  The gene directs the making of a trait  WHAT IS THE NAME OF THE PROCESS THAT CREATES Mrna FROM A DNA SEQUENCE? Transcription HOW DO GENES DETERMINE OUR TRAITS?

 Translation  WHY ARE PROTEINS IMPORTANT TO EVERYDAY LIFE? They do important work in cells, such as protecting the body against infections and carrying oxygen in RBC WHAT IS THE PROCESS THAT CREATES A PROTEIN FROM mRNA?

  An organic molecule that makes up proteins. The amino acid will determine the shape of the protein and the shape is critical to the proteins function WHAT ARE AMINO ACIDS?

  Sugar ribose sugar deoxyribose  Contains AUGC Contains ATGC  Single stranded double stranded  Shorter long  BOTH nucleic acids made up a nucleotides RNA VS DNA

  Messenger RNA (mRNA)  Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)  Transfer RNA (tRNA) THREE TYPES OF RNA

  mRNA- carries the instructions from a gene from DNA to ribosomes  rRNA-make up ribosomes  tRNA-transfers amino acids to the ribosome to make a protein. RNA JOBS?

  TAKES PLACE IN THE: Nucleus in eukaryotic cells and DNA region of cytoplasm or prokaryotic cells RNA TRANSCRIPTION

  1. RNA polymerase binds to promoter(initiates transcription)  2. RNA polymerase adds free RNA nucleotides that are complementary to the nucleotides on one of the DNA strands. THREE STEPS IN TRANSCRIPTION?

  3. RNA polymerase reaches a termination signal. Upon reaches this “stop” signal, RNA polymerase releases both the DNA and the newly formed RNA.

  An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of RNA on a DNA template  TERMINATOR SIGNAL- a specific sequence of nucleotides that marks the end of a gene RNA POLYMERASE

  DNA- ATCCGATTA  RNA- UAGGCUAAU COMPLEMENTARY BASE PAIRING

  Making of proteins  WHAT IS INVOLVED IN THIS?  translation or decoding of genetic instructions to form a polypeptide  WHY IS IT IMPORTANT? proteins are critical for living things RNA TRANSLATION

  1. (initiation) tRNA and mRNA join together. Enzymes attach a specific amino acid to one end of each tRNA according to the genetic code.  2. (elongation)The polypeptide chain is put together 5 STEPS OF TRANSLATION

  3. (elongation) The polypeptide continues to grow  4. (termination) ribosome reaches the stop codon. The newly made polypeptide falls off.  5. (disassembly) The ribosome complex falls apart.

  -The three nucleotide sequence in mRNA that encodes an amino acid or signifies a start or start signal  AUG-start  UAA, UAG- stop CODON

  By using the genetic code HOW DO YOU KNOW WHAT AMINO ACIDS ARE ADDED TO A PROTEIN CHAIN?