Mitosis The Process of Cellular Asexual Reproduction

Asexual Reproduction Asexual reproduction occurs when there is only one parent or parent cell. – Mitosis (cell division) – Binary Fission (bacteria and protist division) – Budding (yeast and hydra) – Spore formation (mold and fungus) – Regeneration (regrowth of lost body part) – Vegetative Reproduction (bulbs, tubers, runners, rhizomes and grafting)

The Cell Cycle Mitosis: cell divides Interphase consists of G1, S and G2 G1: growth, synthesis of proteins and organelles S: chromosomes are replicated, DNA synthesis G2: preparation for mitosis

Parts of a Chromosome During interphase the DNA is replicated. During mitosis the DNA condenses into visible structures called chromosomes. Each chromosome consists of two identical “chromatids” The centromere connects the two chromatids.

Prophase Structures called centrioles appear and move to opposite sides of the cell Fibers begin to connect each centriole to the centromere of each chromosome Nuclear membrane disappears Centrioles Spindle Fibers

Metaphase Fibers now connect the centromeres of each chromosome to the centrioles at each side of the cell The chromosomes line up along the middle of the cell

Anaphase The centromeres connecting each pair of chromatids separate. The fibers pull the chromosomes apart to opposite sides of the cell

Telophase Fibers separate from the chromosomes Chromosomes unravel A nuclear membrane forms around each new set of chromosomes

Cytokinesis Cell membrane pinches together separating the cytoplasm and organelles into two new individual daughter cells.

Mitosis and Chromosome Number A human skin cell has 46 chromosomes At the end of mitosis each daughter cell has 46 chromosomes Why is mitosis an example of asexual reproduction?