What does DNA stand for? Deoxyribonucleic Acid

_______ is the enzyme that chemically links Okazaki fragments together DNA Ligase

What is located at the BOTTOM of a tRNA molecule? Anti-codon sequence

Where in the cell is DNA found? Nucleus

Scientifically, describe the shape of the DNA molecule. Double Helix

What is a benefit of semiconservative DNA replication? Helps reduce the number of copying errors

Why is transcription important? Gets the DNA code out of the NUCLEUS!

What is located at the top of tRNA? Amino acid

What are the 2 types of purines? Adenine, Guanine

What is the complement to this side of a DNA molecule?: TGGACTA ACCTGAT

How many pairs of chromosomes does a human have in their body cells? 23

How many hydrogen bonds are found between A-T? 2

Where can mRNA be found? Nucleus, cytoplasm, ribosome

A segment of DNA that codes for a protein is called a ______ Gene

What are the 3 parts of the DNA molecule? Phosphate group Deoxyribose Sugar Nitrogen Base

______is the DNA strand that is discontinuously built into small Okazaki fragments during replication Lagging Strand

What sugar is present in RNA? ribose

What type of replication occurs when DNA replicates? Semiconservative Replication

______________ are short segment of DNA synthesized discontinuously in small segments in the 3’-5’ direction by DNA polymerase. Okazaki Fragments

What nitrogen bases are present in RNA? A, U, C, G

What is chromatin? Uncoiled DNA

What type of bond holds together the nitrogen bases? Hydrogen

What scientists are credited with the “base-pairing” rules? Watson & Crick

DNA that is coiled would be called? Chromosome

When does the DNA replicate? Cell division/Interphase (before mitosis)

In what direction can DNA synthesis only occur? 5’-3’

How many hydrogen bonds are found between C-G? 3

Going from mRNA to a protein is called _______. Translation

During DNA replication, what causes the hydrogen bonds to break? An Enzyme (DNA Helicase)

What is the tRNA complement to this mRNA?: AUGCAU UACGUA

What is located at bottom of tRNA? Anti-codons

Who discovered DNA in 1928? Frank Griffith

What polymer makes up or hair color, bone length, etc..? Protein

What is the shape of mRNA? Single helix

What are the 2 types of pyrimidines? Thymine, Cytosine

What is the function of tRNA? tRNA anticodons bond w/ mRNA codons to insure the correct order of amino acids

_______ is the enzyme runs along the parent chain of DNA and bonds free floating nucleotides to those of the parent (original) chain-- based on base pairing rules DNA Polymerase

What sugar is present in DNA? Deoxyribose

What does RNA stand for? Ribonucleic Acid

How many strands of mRNA are transcribed from the two “unzipped” strands of DNA? 1

What nitrogen bases are present in DNA? A, T, C, G

How is the accuracy of the DNA code assured? Base-pairing rules

_________ is the DNA strand that is continuously built by the addition of nucleotides to the 3’ end during replication Leading Strand

Going from DNA to mRNA is called _________. Transcription

What is the mRNA complement to this side of a DNA molecule: AACGTAT UUGCAUA

How does the mRNA get out of the nucleus? Nuclear pore

Identify this molecule. DNA

What is located at the TOP of a tRNA molecule? Amino acids

Where does translation occur? Ribosome

What is the function of mRNA? To get the DNA code out of the nucleus

What are proteins made up of? Amino acids

Where must the mRNA attach before protein production can begin? Ribosome

Where does transcription occur? Nucleus

Identify this molecule. tRNA

How many nitrogen bases make up a mRNA codon? 3

What type of bond is formed between amino acids during translation? Peptide bond

Identify this molecule. mRNA

What is the function of rRNA? Creates peptide bonds between the amino acids