Objective: SWBAT explain the elements of civilizations E.Q. – What are the requirements that make a civilization?

Çatal Hüyük  Why was Çatal Hüyük not considered a civilization? First Neolithic Village - Located in southern Turkey - Approx. 7,000 BCE Characteristics: 1. Standardized houses 2. Religious images found 3. Some trade conducted 4. Some specialization of jobs 5. Some political and military activity

Elements of Civilizations While there were many differences between civilizations, they also shared important features: - agricultural surpluses that permitted significant specialization of labor - contained cities - generated complex institutions, such as political bureaucracies, armies, and religious hierarchies - clearly stratified social hierarchies - organized long-distance trading relationships - Development of record keeping - New technologies of warfare and urban defense

Be able to identify the sequence of civilizations.

Key Concept – identify the location of all (6) core and foundational civilization.

Emergence of States  Early states were often led by a ruler whose source of power believed to be divine and/or supported by the military  Early regions of state expansion  Mesopotamia  Babylonia  Nile Valley  Pastoralists were often developers and disseminators of new weapons and modes of transportation.  See next slide Key Concept – First states emerged within core civilizations.

Hittites  Known for their iron and chariots.  Iron ▪ The use of iron tools and weapons was a very important discovery ▪ As there empire collapsed around 1200 B.C. the ironsmiths migrated to other parts ▪ This new knowledge began to spread into Asia, Africa, and Europe, thus ushering the Iron Age.  Chariots ▪ Oldest testament to the use of a chariot ▪ Developed a new chariot, lighter wheels and could carry three warriors Developed new technology

Culture Unifying States  Early civilizations developed monumental architecture and urban planning.  Pyramids  Ziggurats  Sewage and water systems Key Concept – Culture played a significant role in unifying states through laws, language, literature, religion, myths and monumental art.

 Elites (political and religious) promoted arts and artisanship.

 Systems of record keeping arose independently in all early civilizations and subsequently were diffused (spread).  Quipu  Cuneiform  Hieroglyphics

 States developed legal codes.  Code of Hammurabi ▪ “Eye for an Eye”

 New religious beliefs  The Vedic religion ▪ Led to the belief system -> Hinduism  Hebrew monotheism ▪ Stands out as one of the 1 st and oldest monotheistic religions  Zoroastrianism ▪ Believed to have influenced the Abrahamic religions

 Expansion of trade  Local -> regional ▪ Egypt to Nubia  Transregional ▪ Mesopotamia to Indus Valley

 Social and gender hierarchies  As states expand and cities multiplied social and gender hierarchies intensified.

 Literature  Reflection of the culture in the various civilizations ▪ Epic of Gilgamesh -> Mesopotamia ▪ Adventures of historic king of Ürük ▪ Book of the Dead -> Egypt ▪ Funerary text ▪ Rig Veda -> Indus Valley ▪ Sanskrit creation story