Welcome to the 2 nd Workshop on Modern Biology and its Social Impact Han Jianguo National Natural Science Foundation of China

The Importance of the workshop Life science provided opportunities to reveal and understand basic principles governing life, and great contributions made to socio-economic development and the improvement of welfare and health of human being. Yet, more concerns on the social impacts, issues such GMO, biodiversity and bio-ethics etc.

Researchers’ responsibilities Social responsibilities: –Help society solve problems: health, environment, technology… –Use public funds efficiently and responsibly –Provide useful advice: global warming, energy, pollution… Ethical responsibilities: –Proper use of human & animal subjects in research –Honest & accurate in publications & reports –Disclose & manage or avoid negative impacts of research

1 st one was held in the spring of 2006 Thorough exchange of ideas on some sensitive issues has deepened the mutual understanding of research in the field in both countries Hope the 2 nd one may also achieve similar effects, provide further instructions for life science research in the future, and if possible, lead to concrete cooperation

Since then, noticeable progress has been made in China-UK S&T cooperation Prof. David King has reassured the key position of China as one of UK’s major strategic partners in science UK-US collaborative pattern will be introduced to China A 2-year special fund of 5 m pounds for collaboration with China The establishment of RCUK Beijing Office

UK is an important partner of China Long history, good tradition and high level in basic research 1% of investment, 6% of output and 10% of citation A big number of Chinese scientists trained in UK Both wishes to promote China-UK scientific cooperation into a new stage of development

I do not believe that in the next stage of the global economy, success for one country need mean failure on the part of the other. Globalization is not a zero sum game where one country or continent will only succeed at the expense of another -- Gordon Brown MP, 21 Feb 2005

China, an important partner of UK China considers UK the priority Sino-UK cooperation started early and extensively NSFC signed MoU with 7 UK organizations A number of cooperative projects mutually supported, ranking the 2 nd in European countries Good results obtained

1. Innovation becomes a national strategy. 2. Reforms on S&T structures, funding and performance. 3. Marked improvement research and education. 4. Internationalization of research system. Chinese science and technology is taking off China, a future more important partner

China ’ s Gross Domestic Expenditure on R&D & Its GDP Ratio & the Share of S&T Appropriation in Total Government Expenditure: 2000~ GERD GERD/GDP （ % ） Government S&T appropriation Share of S&T in total government expenditure （ % ） Source: MOST: China S&T Statistical Data Book (2006). Unit: 100 million RMB

Investment Basic research investment increased from billion yuan in 1995 to 14.8 billion yuan in 2006, (more than 8.2 times or an annual increase of over 20%), higher than the total R&D investment (16.1%/year).

Ranking of Chinese Science: Since 1997, Chinese SCI papers have increased at an annual rate of 19%, reaching 70,805 in 2006, ranking the 4 th in the world.

Percentage of world share of scientific publications ChinaFrance Germ.JapanKoreaUKUSEU

Jointly Published Papers With USA39,9476,553 2 Japan16,8952,581 3 Germany10,1701,522 4 UK8,8241,530 5 Canada7,0931,233 6 Australia5,9921,091 7 France5, Singapore3, Korea3, Italy3, Russia2, India1, Brazil Israel S. Africa29767

Human Resources Human resources in basic research has reached 115,000 person/year in 2005 from 77,000 person/year in 2000, which is an increase of 50.3%, ranking 2 nd in the world. S&T Workforce2.25 m scientists and engineers 1.15 m person/year spent on R&D C. Enrollment15 m Postgraduates 0.82 m Undergraduates in S, E, M m Postgraduates in S, E, M5.02 m PhD awarded0.235 m (70% science-related)

NSFC: 60,000-70,000 scientists undertaking NSFC projects annually Young Scientists Fund: >10,000 since 1987 Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars: 1,500 since 1994 Creative Research Groups: 118 since 2000 CAS: Hundred Talent Program 595 MOE: Yangtze Scholarship (…) Ministry of Labor: Bai Qian Wan Program (…)

---Chinese President Hu Jintao January 9, 2006 ‘ By the end of 2020… China will achieve more science and technological breakthroughs of great world influence, qualifying it to join the ranks of the world’s most innovative countries.’ Aiming High

R&D/GDP reach 2.0% by 2010 and 2.5% by 2020 from current 1.31%; Increase R&D output significantly. S&T contributions to GDP growth over 60%; Indigenous innovation becomes the main supply of advanced technology; A number of world-class universities and research institutes, high-tech corporations for innovation;... Main figures

Chief Measures Increasing the input to S&T, especially to basic research; Strengthening the government’s role on macroscopical decision making and adjusting and controlling; Paying great attention on exerting the role of research groups and research bases; Carrying out extensively international cooperation; Taking scientific ethics as a high concern.

R&D spending targets in the Medium to Long-Term Plan YearR&D spending (US$ billions) % of GDPCentral government (US$ billions) not known Source: Adapted from ‘China bets big on big science’, Science 311, 17 Mar Chinese GDP increases at an annual rate of over 9%.

Taking NSFC as an Example Established in 1986 China’s main funding agency for basic research and talent training Using peer review and panel evaluation system to fund the best proposals. Autonomy, excellence, competition and fairness

National Innovative System Strategic Position ： Support basic research, adhere to free Exploration and play a guiding role Boost basic research in China and upgrade the S&T self-innovation capability of the nation Talents Talent Projects Talent Funding Sys. Research Projects Project Funding Sys. Collaborative Projects Strategic Partners InnovationPartnershipManagement

Annual budget Unit: 100 million yuan NSFC budget has been increased at an annual rate of over 20% since 1986, reaching 4.3 b yuan in The budget for will be doubled compared with that from , reaching b yuan.

Some Illustrative Figures  Over 80% of the projects included in the National Major Basic Research Plan;  Over 80% of the papers published in world top journals by Chinese scientists;  100% of the projects awarded National Natural Science Award in 1999, 2001, 2004 and 2006.

Project and funding of NSFC for international cooperation （ 1987 － 2007 ） From 1986 to 2006 Projects funded: 26,172 Total Funding: 801 m yuan In 2007 Total Funding: 135 m yuan

Plant Functional Germone Study by 14 research groups from China and US. Sino-German Center for Research Promotion (NSFC and DFG) German Federal President at NSFC CMS collaboration in CERN

NSFC Played an extremely important role; Strongly supported; Conducted extensively international cooperation; Enjoys high prestige; A successful story and more rapid development in the future.

As China’s investment in science grows and its innovation system matures, the question for China and UK is whether we need to do more, to scale up the level and ambition of our collaborative efforts in ways that can benefit both sides.

What China can offer More resources Large research manpower Competent students Improved research quality Better infrastructure Unique research environment Shared expertise Open policy

Finally Wish the workshop a complete success Enjoy the friendliness of Chinese participants Enjoy the diversity and beauty of Xishuangbanna

Thank you for your attention!