THE ROMAN REPUBLIC UNIT 1 – GREECE AND ROME Chapter 5 – Greece Chapter 6 – Rome

Ancient Rome, 500 B.C.– A.D. 500 CHAPTER 6 The Roman Republic SECTION 1 The Roman Empire SECTION 2 The Fall of the Roman Empire SECTION 4 These are my notes for slide 2 Rome and the Roots of Western Civilization SECTION 5

OBJECTIVES CORE OBJECTIVE: Analyze the impact of Ancient Rome and how it continues to impact our lives today. Objective 1.5: Explain the main institutions of the Roman Republic. THEME: The Roman culture will have a significant impact and influence on many other world cultures.

CHAPTER 6 SECTION 1 THE ROMAN REPUBLIC The early Romans establish a republic, which grows powerful and spreads its influence.

Roman location & geography Rome was the capital of the ancient Roman Empire and present day Italy Site of Rome chosen for its fertile soil and strategic location Located on Italian peninsula in center of Mediterranean Sea Built on seven hills on Tiber River Rome was only a small town on the Tiber River when Athens was at the height of its glory. The myth is that twins sons Romulus and Remus of the god Mars founded the city around 753 B.C. The gods, arts, and architecture resembles the Greeks

THE ORIGINS OF ROME Latins, Greeks, and Etruscans compete for control of region Latins found original settlement of Rome between 1000 and 500 B.C. Etruscans native to northern Italy; influence Roman civilization

THE EARLY REPUBLIC Early Rulers WRITE THIS DOWN! Early Rulers Around 600 B.C., Etruscan kings begin to rule Rome Romans overthrow cruel Etruscan king Tarquin in 509 B.C. Romans found a republic — government in which citizens elect leaders

CITIZENS OF ROME Different groups struggle for power in early Roman Republic Patricians — wealthy landowning class that holds most of the power Were elected to the Senate Plebeians — common citizens, can vote, can’t rule artisans, merchants, and farmers Tribunes — elected representatives protect plebeians’ political rights WRITE THIS DOWN!

ROMAN LAW In 451 B.C. officials carve Roman laws on twelve tablets Twelve Tables - become basis for Roman law Tables give protection of law to all free citizens Citizenship is limited to adult male landowners Twelve Tables are hung in the Forum WRITE THIS DOWN!

EVOLUTION OF THE ROMAN FORUM http://www.history.com/topics/ancient-history/ancient-rome/videos/evolution-of-the-roman-forum

MILITARY Rome Conquers Italy Rome’s Commercial Network The Roman Army WRITE THIS DOWN! The Roman Army Roman legion — military unit of 5,000 infantry; supported by cavalry Army is powerful; key factor in Rome’s rise to greatness All citizens who owned were required to serve in the army Rome Conquers Italy Romans defeat Etruscans in north and Greek city-states in south By 265 B.C., Rome controls Italian peninsula Conquered peoples treated justly; this enables Rome to grow Rome’s Commercial Network Rome establishes large trading network Access to Mediterranean Sea provides many trade routes Carthage, powerful city-state in North Africa, soon rivals Rome

Carthage and the Punic Wars

Punic wars WRITE THIS DOWN! Rome and Carthage begin Punic Wars — three wars between 264–146 B.C. Rome defeats Carthage, wins Sicily, in first 23-year war Hannibal — Carthaginian general — avenges defeat in Second Punic War Attacks Italy through Spain and France, doesn’t take Rome Roman general Scipio defeats Hannibal in 202 B.C. Hannibal later poisoned himself rather than become a prisoner of the Romans. Rome destroys Carthage, enslaves people in last war

Punic wars map

THE ROMAN REPUBLIC — Assessment Which of the following is NOT true about the Roman code of laws known as the Twelve Tables? It gave legal protection to all citizens It officially removed senators from power It was written down It was publicly displayed After the Romans drove the last Etruscan monarch from power, they established a republic, a government in which Power rests with a small minority who are supported by the military Power rests with the citizens who participate directly in law-making Power rests with citizens who select their leaders Power rests with the nobility and the wealthy

THE ROMAN REPUBLIC — Assessment Which of the following is NOT true about the Roman code of laws known as the Twelve Tables? It gave legal protection to all citizens It officially removed senators from power It was written down It was publicly displayed After the Romans drove the last Etruscan monarch from power, they established a republic, a government in which Power rests with a small minority who are supported by the military Power rests with the citizens who participate directly in law-making Power rests with citizens who select their leaders Power rests with the nobility and the wealthy