Ancient Rome and Early Christianity The Roman Republic Chapter 6 Section 1

Vocab Republic Hannibal Patrician Plebian Tribune Consul Senate Dictator Legion Punic Wars

Origins of Rome Legend of Rome: Founded in 753 B.C.E. by Romulus and Remus Twin sons of the god Mars Abandoned at the Tiber River and raised by a she-wolf

Origins of Rome The First Roman’s First to arrive between 1000-500 B.C.E 3 groups of people Latin's- settled in Rome on Palatine Hill Greek’s- establish colonies along southern Italy and Sicily Etruscan’s- native born to Italy; skilled in metalwork and engineering; Roman’s will adopt their alphabet

Early Republic Last King of Rome: Tarquin the Proud- harsh king driven from power in 509 B.C.E. Roman’s vowed they would never be ruled by a king again Create republic; (res publica) citizens who have the right to vote for a leader Citizen- only free white males

Early Republic Plebeians Patricians Patricians: Plebeians: Plebeians: common farmers, artisans, merchants who make up the majority population Had the right to vote but could not hold important public office Tribunes- elected representatives of the plebeians to protect the rights of the plebeians from the patricians Patricians: Patricians: wealthy land owners Inherited power and wealth; claim that status gives them authority to make laws for Rome

Early Republic Twelve Tables: Plebeians get a written law code Now patricians cannot twist the laws to benefit themselves 451 B.C.E. Rome’s laws are scribed on 12 tablets hung in the forum

Government under the Republic “Balanced” Government: Romans believed they had taken the best aspects of a monarchy, aristocracy, and democracy

Government under the Republic Consuls: (2) Like kings; rule for 1 yr, cannot be re-elected for another 10yrs. Run the military and the government One consul could always overrule or veto the other

Government under the Republic Senate: Aristocratic branch of the government Held both legislative and administrative responsibilities 300 members chosen from Rome’s elite Influence in both foreign and domestic affairs Tribal Assembly; made up of plebeians elected tribunes to create laws for the common man

Government under the Republic Dictator: Absolute power to make laws and command the army In times of crisis the Romans would elect a dictator to protect Rome Power only last for 6 months Picked by the consuls and elected by the senate

Rome Spreads its Power Roman Army Placed great value on the military All citizens who owned land were required to serve in the army Certain political office required 10 yrs of service Legion: 5,000 infantry (foot soldiers) supported by cavalry Century- 80 men

Rome Spreads its Power Rome Conquers Italy 4th century B.C.E. dominate central Italy Defeat the Etruscans in the north and the Greek states in the south 265 B.C.E. Rome controls Italy The Latins were made full citizens of Rome Most conquered people became citizens without the right to vote Or became allies; Rome would not interfere with allies as long as they gave troops and didn’t make treaties with another state

Rome Spreads its Power Rome’s Trading Rome traded large amounts of goods with people throughout the Mediterranean Sea Carthage, colony in North Africa begins to challenge Rome’s power……

Rome Spreads its Power Punic Wars: 1st Punic War: 3 wars fought between Rome and Carthage from 264- 146 B.C.E. 1st Punic War: Fought to control Sicily and the West Med. And Rome wins (1-0) Lasts 23 yrs

Rome Spreads its Power 2nd Punic War (218 B.C.E.): Hannibal: Carthaginian general 29 yrs old; brilliant military strategists Wants to avenge Carthage defeat 50,000 men, 9,000 cavalry and 60 elephants Surprise attack; from Spain through France and down through the Alps

Rome Spreads its Power Rome Triumphs: General Scipio- Roman general that devised a plan to attack Carthage Forcing Hannibal to leave his campaign in Italy Battle of Zama 202 B.C.E. Roman’s finally defeat Hannibal (2-0)

Rome Spreads its Power Third Punic War 149-146 B.C.E. Rome lays seize to Carthage Burn the city to the ground 50,000 people sold into slavery