STUDY REGARDING THE LIFESTYLE AND EATING HABITS AS RISK FACTORS FOR HEART DISEASE, IN CORONARY PATIENTS FROM THE HEART DISEASE CLINIC II ADULTS UMF Tg-Mures Nutrition and Dietetics Supervisor: Dr. Dan Mircea Farcas, MD Cardiologist Author: Luminita Boros Huza

1. Pointing out the most important risk factors related to diet and lifestyle, as seen in these patients. 2. Targeted plan for nutritional education, to eliminate the risk factors reviled. Method: Examining 40 hospitalized patients From October 2013 to March 2014 Correlation of data with the diagnostic and lab analysis of FOGC.

 Personal Data  Lifestyle and Nutrition  Anthropometrical Data  Secondary Diagnosis  Lab Analysis

 Atherosclerotic Plaque → thickening + stiffening of arterial walls → decrease of arterial lumen.  Risk Factors:  Unbiased: age, gender, heredity, genetic condition of the lipid metabolism.  Biased: smoking, obesity, dyslipidemia (LDL ↑, HDL ↓ ) high blood pressure, diabetes, sedentariness, mental stress.  Other factors: metabolic syndrome; impaired glucose tolerance; triglycerides ↑ ; PCR ↑ ; fibrinogen ↑ ; homocysteinemy ↑ ; Lp (a); infections; autoimmune disease, periodontitis.

 Age:  Gender:

 Monthly Income: medium to low  Formal education level: medium to low

 Smoking  Physical Activity  None of the patients performs intense physical activity  Mental Stress

 Vegetables  Suggested intake: 3-4 servings/day  Fruits  Suggested intake: 2-4 servings/day  Grains  52.5% consume only refined grains  47.5% consume refined and whole grains

Risk factors: Diet  Proteins

Risk factors: Diet Protein intake ExcessDeficitNormal intake Animal protein Fatty meat57,5% Lean meat42,5% Fish meat≤1 serving/week 60% Fish meat ≥ 2 servings/week 40% Whole milk/ dairy 97,5%Low fat milk and dairy2,5% Eggs ≥ 6/week10%Eggs ≤ 4/week90% Vegetable protein Beans ≤ 1serving/week 47,5 % Beans ≥ 2 servings/week 52,5% Nuts ≤ 1 serving/week 62,5 % Nuts 2-4 servings/week17,5% Nuts - daily intake20%

 Fats  Sweets

 BMI  Abdominal circumference Female Male

Lab Analysis  Lipid profile  HDL and LDL were not determined for all the patients  Values impossible to interpret because of statins treatment  Glycemia AnalysisValuePercentage Total cholesterol> 190 mg%42,5% Triglycerides> 150 mg%30%

 Low income, low formal education, smoking, lack of physical activity and atherogenic diet increase the risk for coronary artery disease  Dietary recommendations:  Vegetables ↑ ; fruits ↑ ; whole grains ↑ ; beans ↑ ; nuts ↑  Animal proteins and fats ↓ ; choosing low or nonfat dairy products  Restricted sweets consumption (possible already restricted)  Physical exercise, limited by the existing pathology  Quitting smoke  Stress management

 Hypolipidaemic, hypocaloric, salt restriction  Mediterranean Diet  DASH Diet  Dr. Dean Ornish Diet  Dietary Supplements  Omega 3, Mg, CoQ10, niacin, vitamin C, nattokinaza

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