Unit 6: Learning Associative learning: learning that two events are linked together. Both classical and operant conditioning are types of associative.

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Unit 6: Learning Associative learning: learning that two events are linked together. Both classical and operant conditioning are types of associative learning.

How do we learn? Most learning is associative learning  Learning that certain events occur together.

Unit 5: Learning It’s a matter of instinct, a matter of conditioning, a matter of fact. You can call me Pavlov’s dog. Ring a bell and I’ll salivate, How’d you like that?” “ Brian Wilson” by the Barenaked Ladies Topic: Classical Conditioning

Ivan PAVLOV  discovered classical conditioning  conducted the famous salivating dog experiment  ring my bell ring my bell key name

Dog in Pavlov’s ApparatusDog in Pavlov’s Apparatus (clip) Dog in Pavlov’s Apparatus

Pavlov’s Dog Experiment NS (neutral stimulus): UCS (unconditioned stimulus) UCR (unconditioned response) CS (conditioned stimulus) CR (conditioned response) tuning fork / bell sight of food salivation tuning fork / bell salivation

Grayson Couch

True story: Every time I go near the area where Grayson’s treats are kept, Grayson comes and sits, waiting for a treat. NS (neutral stimulus): UCS (unconditioned stimulus) UCR (unconditioned response) CS (conditioned stimulus) CR (conditioned response) table treats come and sit table come and sit

jaws

Bobby watched the movie JAWS when he was 4-years-old. Now, every time he hears the song, “da-duh, dah-duh, da- duh…) he gets anxious. NS (neutral stimulus): UCS (unconditioned stimulus) UCR (unconditioned response) CS (conditioned stimulus) CR (conditioned response) “da-duh” scary movie fear / anxiety “da-duh” fear / anxiety

Pavlov's Dog in the Office

Pavlov’s Dog – the Office NS (neutral stimulus): UCS (unconditioned stimulus) UCR (unconditioned response) CS (conditioned stimulus) CR (conditioned response) “computer sound” offer of mint put hand out “computer sound” put hand out

Lemonade Activity*

More Classical Conditioning Terminology extinction when a CR no longer follows a CS CS (conditioned stimulus) CR (conditioned response) “da-duh” fear / anxiety Remember the example of a person fearing the Jaws song?

More Classical Conditioning Terminology spontaneous recovery Reappearance of an extinguished response after a rest period CS (conditioned stimulus) CR (conditioned response) “da-duh” fear / anxiety CS (conditioned stimulus) CR (conditioned response) “da-duh” fear / anxiety Time Passes

More Classical Conditioning Terminology generalization similar stimuli elicit similar responses CS (conditioned stimulus) CR (conditioned response) tuning fork salivation Remember Pavlov’s dog example? Now the dog salivates whenever he hears bells, alarm clocks, or music. The dog has GENERALIZED.

More Classical Conditioning Terminology discrimination learned ability to distinguish between a CS and other similar stimuli CS (conditioned stimulus) CR (conditioned response) tuning fork salivation Remember Pavlov’s dog example? The dog only salivates when he hears that particular tuning fork; never when he hears bells, alarm clocks, or music. The dog has DISCRIMINATED.

More Classical Conditioning Terminology extinction spontaneous recovery generalization discrimination when a CR no longer follows a CS Reappearance of an extinguished response after a rest period similar stimuli elicit similar responses learned ability to distinguish between a CS and other similar stimuli

Can I Get A Volunteer to Be Conditioned?*

“Water in the Face Demo” NS (neutral stimulus): UCS (unconditioned stimulus) UCR (unconditioned response) CS (conditioned stimulus) CR (conditioned response) The word “CAN” Spray Wincing at spray The word “CAN” Wincing at “CAN”

John WATSON  founder of Behaviorism  conducted the famous & controversial “Little Albert” experiment key name

Little Albert Video

Watson’s Baby Albert Experiment NS (neutral stimulus): UCS (unconditioned stimulus) UCR (unconditioned response) CS (conditioned stimulus) CR (conditioned response) furry things loud noise startled furry things startled

John GARCIA key name Born in 1917  Discovered idea of Taste Aversion  Taste aversion later became known as the “Garcia Effect”

Garcia’s Taste Aversion Studies  Set up experiment with rats. Exposed them to sights, sounds, and tastes (CS) and later also gave them radiation or drugs that led to nausea and vomiting (UCR).  Even if sickened hours later, rats avoided the particular flavor of water but did NOT develop aversions to the sights or sounds.

Importance of Taste Aversion Studies 1.) Violated behaviorists principle that any stimulus could serve as a CS. 2.) Shows that nature prepares the members of each species to learn those things crucial to their survival. 3.) Are exceptions to classical conditioning rules: UCS does not always have to follow CS immediately.