1 Objective 1 Science Safety & Tools Middle School Science Science STAAR Need to Know

2 Science Measurement SI units, adapted from the metric system, are used in science Base units are: Meter – length Liter – volume Gram - mass

3 Types of Graphs - LINE Different types of graphs are used to show different relationships between data Line graphs – show continuous change QuantitiyQuantitiy

4 Types of Graphs - BAR Different types of graphs are used to show different relationships between data Bar graphs – compare two measured variables (show differences)

5 Types of Graphs- PIE Different types of graphs are used to show different relationships between data Pie graphs – show percentages

6 Spring Scale Measure WEIGHT in Newtons

7 Graduated Cylinder and Beaker Both measure volume in mL, but the graduated cylinder is more precise.

8 Meniscus "A characteristic of liquids in glass containers is that they curve at the edges. This curvature is called the meniscus. You measure the level at the horizontal center or inside part of the meniscus. With water in glass, the meniscus will curve up at the edges and down in the center. Always read the bottom of the meniscus."

9 Triple Beam Balance Measures MASS in GRAMS Always carry this with 2 hands!

10 Microscope Calculate total magnification by multiplying the power of the eye lens X the power of the objective lens Calculate total magnification by multiplying the power of the eye lens X the power of the objective lens

11 Goggles Protective plastic goggles are worn during experiments to keep your eyes safe. Protective plastic goggles are worn during experiments to keep your eyes safe.

12 Telescope Used to view far away objects, like stars and planets. Contains lenses or mirrors to magnify distant objects.

13 Test Tube A glass tube used to hold or heat substances. Never point the open end of a test tube at anyone!

14 Hot plate An electrical plate used to heat substances in a lab investigation. Always protect yourself! An electrical plate used to heat substances in a lab investigation. Always protect yourself!

15 Meter Stick A ruler marked in millimeters, centimeters & meters used to measure length. A ruler marked in millimeters, centimeters & meters used to measure length.

16 Petri Dish A round, flat dish with a cover that is used to grow microorganisms in the lab.

17 Thermometer Measures temperature in degrees Celsius ( o C) Measures temperature in degrees Celsius ( o C)

18 Anemometer A weather instrument used to measure wind speed. A weather instrument used to measure wind speed.

19 Barometer Weather instrument that measures atmospheric pressure. Changes in barometric pressure usually indicate a change in weather.

20 Dissecting Equipment Equipment such as a scalpel, forceps & dissecting probe used to cut open and examine preserved specimens or to take apart a flower. Equipment such as a scalpel, forceps & dissecting probe used to cut open and examine preserved specimens or to take apart a flower.

21 Independent Variable The MANIPULATED or CHANGED factor in an experiment. This is the variable controlled by the person doing the experiment. Ex: You may change the amount of water you give a plant or the amount of fertilizer applied to soil.

22 Dependent Variable The outcome or RESULT of manipulating or changing the independent variable. What happens to the dependent variable is the EFFECT of what the experimenter does to the independent variable

23 Inferences Conclusions that go beyond the facts

24 Promotional Claim A statement used to sell a product or service. Can sometimes be misleading, so you need to understand basic science facts to be able to evaluate how valid the information is.

25 Valid conclusion Valid results are those that are well- supported by evidence. When scientific findings are evaluated, a scientist looks for reliable and accuracy. Multiple trials, or sets of data, give us more reliable and valid information. VALID results are REPRODUCIBLE – they can be recreated by other scientists.

26 Topographic map (Contour map) Special kind of map that shows the height or elevation of land areas.

27 Contour lines & intervals Contour lines Lines that represent equal elevation Contour intervals The space between the contour lines- The smaller the space (closer the lines) the steeper the slope.

28 Models A diagram or an object that represents something else & demonstrates how it works. Models aren’t exactly the same as what they represent so they have limitations and can always be improved. Questions to ask about models- 1. How closely does it resemble what it represents? 2. What does the model show? 3. How might the model be improved?