Themes of Geography Themes of Geography Themes of Geography

What is Geography GREEK Geo=Earth Graphy=Study Therefore, geography is the study of the Earth

Guiding Questions Where are things? Why are they there?

ANSWERS: (geographers came up with the 5 themes) 1.LOCATION 2.PLACE 5. REGIONS 3.HUMAN ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION 4.MOVEMENT

1. LOCATION … where places are on the earth. 2 Types of Locations a) Absolute location … is the exact latitude and longitude coordinates of a place. Ex: 30 o N, 115 o E b) Relative location … location of a place in relation to other places around it. Ex: The library is across from the school.

They are the vertical lines that measure distance east and west of the Prime Meridian. LONGITUDES There are 180 lines on each side of the Prime Meridian or 0 o longitude. They are imaginary lines that meet at the north and south poles.

LATITUDES They are imaginary lines that run east to west, parallel to the equator. They determine distance north and south of the equator. There are 90 lines of latitudes in the northern as well as the southern hemisphere.

Prime Meridian Equator Longitudes vertical lines east and west of the Prime Meridian. Latitudes horizontal lines north and south of the equator.

LONGITUDE = MERIDIANS LATITUDES = PARALLELS LONGITUDES + LATITUDES = GLOBAL GRID

Locate these places: 41 O N, 29E51N, 4E 37N, 3E30N, 31E 14N, 100E15N, 121E 32S, 116E16N, 33E 47N, 71W30N, 95W 56N, 38E40N, 4W 59N, I8E50N, 19E 6S, 107E47S, 175E 15N, 17W34N, 8W 48N, 122W43N, 88W

2. PLACE This theme tries to determine which characteristics or features make a location different from another. Characteristics can be: PHYSICAL Climate Landform Bodies of water Plant and animal life HUMAN Monuments Cities Government Cultural traditions

Physical Characteristics Landform Bodies of water Plant and animal life

Human Characteristics Cultural traditions Cities Monuments

CULTURAL LANDMARKS Sydney Opera HouseVersailles Berlin Bradenburg GateSt. Peter’s Basilica SomanathapuraArc de Triomphe The Great BuddhaAngkor Wat Leaning Tower of PisaWieliczka Salt Mines Temple of HeavenForbidden City ParthenonLiberation Tower Hadrian’s WallEiffel Tower Taj MahalTower of London St. Basil’s CathedralPalace of Westminster PetraWailing Wall

HUMAN ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION … looks at the relationship between people and the environment.

People change their surroundings to make their lives easier. ROADS BUILDINGS TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS

The environment also influences: How they dress. What they do. What they eat.

Enormous Benefits New Problems

MOVEMENT … how people, goods, and ideas go from place to place.

Movement is important in the development of human characteristics:. Cultural traits. Diversity. Cities

MIGRATION PUSH THEORYPULL THEORY (problems) (advantages)

PUSHPUSH PULLPULL 2 FACTORS War Diseases Climate Government Economy Famine Crimes Adventure Religious persecution Education Jobs Family Democracy Climate Justice Healthcare Religious tolerance Gender equality

REGIONS In this theme, geographers group places with similar physical or human characteristics. To group theses places they use specific features such as: Location Climate Government Culture Language

A region may include physical places as well as cultural areas.

Places that share the same culture belong to a cultural regions.

A natural region has unique plant and animal life as well as a unique climate. Ex: THE RAINFOREST

Regions can change overtime. Climate Natural Disasters Human Interactions Economic Conditions

F.Y.I A place can belong to many regions.