The development and impact of animal cloning. What is cloning ? Cloning is the process of creating an identical copy of an original. -Artificial Cloning.

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Presentation transcript:

The development and impact of animal cloning

What is cloning ? Cloning is the process of creating an identical copy of an original. -Artificial Cloning -Natural Cloning *Reproductive cloning *Therapeutic cloning

Reproductive cloning -procedure of creating exact copy of an original. Procedure -mentioned in Biology notes -Technique -Somatic Cell Nucleus Transfer (SCNT)

Development 1928 Hans Spemann performs first nuclear transfer experiment. transfer experiment Hans Spemann proposed an experiment to transfer one cell's nucleus into an egg transfer one cell's nucleus into an egg without a nucleus (SCNT) without a nucleus (SCNT) 1952 Tadpole,cloned by Briggs and King Frogs,cloned by John Gurdon 1963 Carp

1977 Mice,cloned by Karl Illmensee 1978 A worldwide debate on cloning ethics 1998 Lamb (Polly) 2000 Monkey (Tetra), pigs, Asian guar 1986 Steen Willadsen cloned cattle 1997 Sheep (Dolly),Mice 2001 Cat,OX, Cattle

2002 Scientists try to clone Thylacine (Tasmanian Tiger) Tiger) Recently, the project has been revived 2005 Project was stopped 2005 Dog 2003 Mule,Rabbit,Horse,Rat 2004 Fruit Flies, Human embryo

Impact of reproductive cloning Positive : - Cloning Human Beings - Infertility - Cloning animals especially extinct species -Cloning pets

Discussion Should human beings be cloned ?

Negative impact : -right - strange anomalies -commercialization and industrialization -unethical experimentation -population

Therapeutic cloning -procedure for creating stem cells genetically compatible with the patient. Procedure - Developed into blastocyst - Stem cells obtained Technique -Somatic Cell Nucleus Transfer (SCNT)

Development - Started in legal for research purposes in the United Kingdom United Kingdom - The first successful therapeutic cloning was accomplished in cloning was accomplished in November November - In many other countries, the practice is banned practice is banned

Impact Positive impact -Research - Reverse heart attacks - Produce organs or tissues - Cure diseases e.g Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, e.g Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, diabetes diabetes

Example Parkinson's disease -movement disorder Cause - Loss of Dopamine Treatment - Inject Levodopa (L-DOPA )

Discussion Should stem cells in cloned embryo be extracted to cure disease ?

Impact Negative impact Moral and ethical issues - Immoral to create an embryo solely for research research -Origin of ova - Harvesting the stem cells kill embryos - Method of obtaining eggs - Mutated stem cells

End