Do Now: Answer these 2 questions in your notebook. 1. What is mimicry? Give an example of an animal that uses mimicry. 2. Why does it take many years for animals to adapt to their environments (or evolve)?

9D7TQf3g  What did Darwin discover about the finches in the Galapagos Islands?  Why did the color of moths that survived change over the years?  What are some ways that scientists can decide that species are related (once shared a common ancestor?)

Genetic evidence: animals’ genes show similarities among the traits that are passed down from one generation to the next.  Darwin developed his theory of evolution by looking at scientific evidence available in the mid-1800s. Since then, the whole field of genetics has developed, adding a powerful independent line of evidence in support of evolution. Genes show how the physical traits of living things are handed down and modified from one generation to the next. By comparing the DNA of many organisms, scientists can map the relationships between species. This map is in remarkable agreement with Darwin’s predictions. The structure of chromosomes and particular genetic sequences point to the conclusion not just of common design, but common descent as well.

Structural Evidence: animals have similarities in their skeletal make-up  If a bat, a human, an alligator, and a penguin all evolved from a common ancestor, then they should share common anatomical traits. In fact, they do. Compare the forelimbs of the human, the bat, the penguin, and the alligator. Find the humerus, radius, ulna, and carpals in each forelimb. Though the limbs look strikingly different on the outside and though they vary in function, they are very similar in skeletal structure. More significantly, they are derived from the same structures in the embryo. Structures that are embryologically similar, but have different functions, are called homologous structures. Though these animals look different, a comparison of homologous structures indicates that they are quite similar. This suggests that these animals evolved from a common ancestor.

Embryological Evidence: animals have similarities in their initial stages of growth before birth.  The study of one type of evidence of evolution is called embryology, the study of embryos. An embryo is an unborn (or unhatched) animal or human young in its earliest phases. Embryos of many different kinds of animals: mammals, birds, reptiles, fish, etc. look very similar and it is often difficult to tell them apart. Many traits of one type of animal appear in the embryo of another type of animal. For example, fish embryos and human embryos both have gill slits. In fish they develop into gills, but in humans they disappear before birth.  This shows that the animals are similar and that they develop similarly, implying that they are related, have common ancestors and that they started out the same, gradually evolving different traits, but that the basic plan for a creature's beginning remains the same.

Use the code for your class to log on to the Gizmo  Day 2 Period 5/6: M2KWCQR5T7  Day 2 Period 7/8: ZE6GWGZZLL  Period 3: U9VGHPG3VP  Day 1 Period 1/2: PLWBQQEJCA  Day 1 Period 5/6: ECNE4PCKKF Register for Gizmo  Enter your first and last name…not your address!  Make your username: firstname.lastname  Make your password: west

After the Gizmo activity:  How did this activity help explain what natural selection is all about?  How could natural selection lead to evolution?

To understand evolution, we have to be able to look back to the start of life on Earth!  h-tFGs h-tFGs  Why do you think it took so long for multi- celled, or more complex organisms, to evolve on Earth? (Discuss in your group).

Read pages 138 & 139 independently and answer the following in your notebooks:  What do some of the divisions of the geologic time scale represent?  How did these divisions (or what happened at these periods of time) affect the evolution of organisms on Earth?  What is the difference between absolute and relative dating?

In order to divide the geologic time scale into different periods of time, scientists had to look at which organisms survived the natural selection process.

Survival of the Chocolates!  Our environment: A giant blue bowl at a 5 year old’s birthday party!  Our subject: chocolate candies  Ask yourself this question: What is the best “trait” for a piece of candy to have in order to survive being eaten at the birthday party.  Talk about it with your group  In your packet, put an X on numbers 4, 5, and 1 on page 79.

 As a group, you will design an experiment that tests which adaptations that the different pieces of chocolate have are more fit for survival.  You are to choose one characteristic to test, here are some examples:  Having a shell, size of the candy, color of the shell, inside of the candy.  Work together with your team members to make sure you all fill in #2 on your data sheets: forming a hypothesis.  As we are testing the _____________ of the candy, the candy that will have the best chance of surviving is the ______________ when we test it with water, pressure, and heat.

Decide on your hypothesis and make a prediction!  My example:  hypothesis – The candy’s color is a favorable adaptation.  prediction – The green candy will survive better than any other color when I apply pressure with my pencil. Your AdaptationHit it __ times with a Pencil Dropped ___ drops of water on it Heated it with our hands for ___ seconds Here is what your table should look like – record it on the back page of your packet.

What needs to be handed in:  the data worksheet (every question but the ones that you have crossed out).  your group’s procedure (steps that you took to complete your experiment).  an abstract