ACE: ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY REVIEW Dr. Heather Henrichs

F LUID AND E LECTROLYTE C ONCEPTS Chapter 4 Huether Pathophysiology Text Pages

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W ATER M OVEMENT B ETWEEN P LASMA & I NTERSTITIAL F LUID :N ET F ILTRATION Forces favoring filtration Capillary hydrostatic pressure (blood pressure) Water-pushing Interstitial oncotic pressure Water-pulling Forces favoring reabsorption (oppose filtration) Capillary oncotic pressure Water-pulling Interstitial hydrostatic pressure Water-pushing

W ATER B ALANCE Regulated by ADH secretion Increased secretion: Plasma osmolality increases Blood volume decreases Thirst perception Located in hypothalamus Osmolality receptors Signal posterior pituitary Baroreceptors

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E LECTROLYTES Sodium (Na+) Potassium (K+) Calcium (Ca+)

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A CID B ASE C ONCEPTS Chapter 4 Huether Pathophysiology Text Pages

PHPH If the H + ions are high in number: If the H + ions are high in number: – pH is low – Acidic If the H + ions are low in number: If the H + ions are low in number: – pH is high – Alkaline pH Scale pH Scale – Range from = Acidic 0= Acidic 14= Alkaline 14= Alkaline Normal body range= Normal body range=

PHPH Acids are formed as end products of protein, carbohydrate, and fat metabolism To maintain the body’s normal pH ( ) the H + must be neutralized or excreted Major organs involved in the regulation of acid and base balance: – Bones – Lungs – Kidneys

C ARBONIC A CID –B ICARBONATE P AIR H + + HCO 3 - H 2 CO 3 CO 2 + H 2 O Lungs (Respiratory) regulate release CO 2 Kidneys (Metabolic) regulate release HCO 3 - Pg.112