Pit Seed Coat Endosperm Is this a fruit? No, part of the ovary wall is missing Is this a nut? No, this is the pit of a drupe Cocos nucifera - coconut Pit Seed Coat Endosperm

Xanthium: cocklebur George de Mestral velvet crozier Victor Kiam

The maple fruit is both a samara and a schizocarp. Ovary wall develops a wing Ovary splits for dispersal

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ethylene The hormone______________ initiates the ripening response: H2C=CH2 Unripe Fruit Ripe Fruit chemical cause DNA RNA physical condition chemical cause Enzyme Produced physical condition green hard sour mealy odorless chlorophyll hydrolase anthocyanin red pectin pectinase less pectin soft acid kinase neutral neutral starch amylase sugar sweet + juicy large orgs hydrolases small orgs odor

This same process initiated by ethylene… …occurring in a… …causes… …layer in a pedicel …fruit abscission …leaf blade …leaf senescence …layer in a petiole …leaf abscission Since a carpel (ovary) is really a leaf…these parallel developmental events make a lot of common sense.

…of an Embryo The Three Fundamental Parts… …of a Seed Leaf Seed Coat Stem Root Seed Coat Embryo Storage Tissue

…occur in this part of the embryo These functions…. …occur in this part of the embryo Growth of the shoot Shoot apex Photosynthesis and Storage Cotyledon (leaf) Lifting the shoot above the soil Hypocotyl (stem) Producing lateral roots Radicle (root) Penetrating the soil Root apex