Warm-up 5/20: Why are the white blood cells called T-cell & B-cells? Which cells are involved in the cell mediated specific immune response? Which cells are involved in the humoral specific immune response? 1

 primary: 1st time body encounters pathogens  secondary: 2nd time body encounters pathogen with memory cells (leftover B-cells and T-cells)  p 966 2

 Some B-cells become memory cells (Body’s long term defense system)  When exposed to a pathogen a 2 nd time memory cells immediately recognize and destroy it before it causes illness. 3

 Immunity: ability to resist an infectious disease  Vaccination: introduction of antigens into body to cause immunity 4

 Vaccine: solution of dead or weakened pathogens that contains pathogens  Antigens in vaccine produce a primary immune response  Memory cells are created & provide quick secondary immune response if antigen enters body again. Some Diseases that have been controlled through vaccines: polio, measles, mumps, tetanus, and small pox 5

 Allergies & Autoimmune diseases are the result of an immune system attacking something harmless.  Allergy – immune response to an antigen that is not a pathogen  Include physical responses (itching, swelling, sneezing, & death if severe)  Asthma – respiratory disorder triggered by antigens, swelling of the respiratory pathways  Autoimmune Disease – the immune system attacks one’s own healthy cells 6

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 HIV: human immunodeficiency virus: Virus  AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome): Disease weakened immune system caused by the infection of HIV HIV ≠ AIDS 8

 caused by a retrovirus 1. has enzymes to transcribe its RNA to DNA 2. new DNA inserted into host cell’s DNA 3. host cell now makes proteins to assemble more HIV viruses 9

 Infects helper T-cells and macrophages (CD4 protein receptor cells) Why is this so bad? 10

 Transmission: through fluid containing the virus or cells with the virus (blood, sexually, breast-feeding) 11

AIDS p

 Course of the disease: AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) Phase I: (asymptomatic) few or no symptoms Phase II: worsening of symptoms Phase III: T-cell count goes below 200 cells/mL (normal ) 13

 Opportunistic infections: diseases that only strike because of a weakened immune system EX. Kaposi’s sarcoma, candidiasis, taxoplasmosis, tuberculosis, pneumonia 14

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 Treatments and vaccines A. mutates and evolves very quickly which makes it difficult to make a vaccine B. treatment consists of “cocktails” with some patients taking up to 50 pills a day (very expensive!) 16

 Due Wednesday Non-Specific Immune Response Poster  Due Thursday: Pathway of immune response. Colored cut out and reordered in notebook.  Study Guide Due Thursday  Exam Friday  Intervention Wednesday & Thursday After School 17

Initial Response Cell MediatedHumoral 18