By: Charbel Alhaddad 707

What is matter? Every thing is made up of matter. Every thing is made up of matter. They are measured in mass. They are measured in mass. Matter is made up of molecules which can form either a solid, liquid, or gas. Matter is made up of molecules which can form either a solid, liquid, or gas. Matter also has a mass and a volume. Matter also has a mass and a volume. Also because of the mass and volume, matter also has a density. Also because of the mass and volume, matter also has a density.

States of Matter. There are three main states of matter. There are three main states of matter. Solids, liquids, and gases are the three states of matter normally found on Earth. Solids, liquids, and gases are the three states of matter normally found on Earth. A solid’s molecules are packed together and only vibrate. A solid’s molecules are packed together and only vibrate. A liquid’s molecules are a little more loose they have weaker bonds and take the shape of the container they’re placed in. A liquid’s molecules are a little more loose they have weaker bonds and take the shape of the container they’re placed in.

States of Matter. (continued)  A gas’ molecules move freely with little to no bonds and also take the shape of their container  Examples of states of different types of states of matter: Solids - ice, rocks, chairs, computers, and phones. Liquids - water, lava, juice, milk, and soda. Gases - oxygen, vapor, helium, carbon dioxide, and carbon monoxide.

States of Matter Pictures.

Physical and Chemical Properties. Physical properties are properties that do not change the make-up of a substance Chemical properties are properties that do change the make-up of a substance. Examples: Physical – Color, boiling point, melting point, smell, viscosity and density. Chemical – reactivity, PH, flammability, chemical stability, and toxicity.

Physical and Chemical Changes. Physical changes keep the substance they are the same throughout the whole process. Physical changes keep the substance they are the same throughout the whole process. Chemical changes change the substance into another substance at the end. Chemical changes change the substance into another substance at the end. Examples: Physical – melting, freezing, condensation, evaporation, and sublimation. Chemical – rusting, cooking, forming a precipitate, creating new substances, and burning things (like gasoline to make fuel.) Examples: Physical – melting, freezing, condensation, evaporation, and sublimation. Chemical – rusting, cooking, forming a precipitate, creating new substances, and burning things (like gasoline to make fuel.)

The Atom ► An atom is the smallest unit of matter that cannot be divided further without blowing up. ► The three parts are: Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons. ► Protons have positive charges that combine with Neutrons that have neutral charges to make a nucleus. (unlike the ones in cells) ► Electrons are on the outside with negative charges. There are rings called shells on the outside of the nucleus that fit the electrons. Only two can fit on the first shell, eight on the second, eighteen on the third, thirty-two on the forth, etc.

The Atom (picture)

Elements An element is made up of different atoms put together. For example if you have a nucleus with one electron you get the element Hydrogen. If you have two electrons you get Helium, etc. An element is made up of different atoms put together. For example if you have a nucleus with one electron you get the element Hydrogen. If you have two electrons you get Helium, etc. Examples of elements: Oxygen, Carbon, Magnesium, Sodium, and iron. Examples of elements: Oxygen, Carbon, Magnesium, Sodium, and iron.

Compounds A compound is when two or more different elements are being combined (chemical change). A compound is when two or more different elements are being combined (chemical change). Examples of compounds: Water, CO 2, Table salt, Rock salt, and glucose. Examples of compounds: Water, CO 2, Table salt, Rock salt, and glucose.

Periodic Table The Periodic Table tells you the atomic number of an element which is the number of protons and electrons. It also tells you the atomic mass of the element. If you subtract the atomic mass by the atomic number then you get the number of neutrons in that element. It also tells you if it’s a metal, metalloid, or non-metal. Also it says if that element is normally found as a solid, liquid, or gas.

Periodic Table (picture)

Substances and Mixtures A substance is a chemical combination of elements or compounds to make a new compound. Mixtures are physical combinations of elements or compounds but they do NOT change their make-up. Examples: Substances – salt, sugar, sodium chloride, diamond, and water. Mixtures – Cake batter, concrete, salt water, salad dressing, and even the air we breath.

Heterogeneous and Homogeneous  In a heterogeneous mixture you can see the different parts of the mixture.  In a homogeneous mixture you can’t see the different parts of the mixture.  Examples: Heterogeneous mixture – salads, trail mix, sand and water, chicken soup, and orange juice with pulp. Homogeneous mixture – salt water, tea, coffee, blood, sugary water.

Heterogeneous and Homogeneous (Pictures)

Solutions A solution is when a solute is dissolved in a solvent. Usually the solvent is water and the solute is whatever you want. You can have any solvent but water is the most common one. The solute is the thing being dissolved and the solvent is the thing that the solute is being dissolved by/in. Examples of solutions: water and salt/ water and sugar/ water, sugar, lemon juice/ water and kool- aid mix/ herbs, water, sugar.

Solubility Solubility is how easily a solid, liquid, or gas dissolves in water. To make a substance dissolve faster you can do three things add heat, pressure, or mix it faster. So solubility is how easily a solute dissolves in the solvent it is being dissolved in.

Solubility (picture)

References Google Images Google Images utions.htm utions.htm eex.html eex.html