Chapter 3: The First People Tens of thousands of years ago, people lived in South Carolina. These people left no _______ records. We know they existed and lived here because of uncovered __________, ________, and _____. These uncovered items are called ______________. Standard 8-1: The student will demonstrate an understanding of the settlement of South Carolina and the United States by Native Americans, Europeans, and Africans Summarize the culture, political systems, and daily life of the Native Americans of the Eastern Woodlands, including their methods of hunting and farming, their use of natural resources and geographic features, and their relationships with other nations. (H, G, P) Early Indian Cultures pages 70-79

Woodland Indians page 75 The _________ Era began about 1000 B.C. and lasted about 2000 years. Some tribes from this period were the Creek and Choctaw. Over time, the Woodland Indians began to ___________ plants and animals and live in ________. They started _________ along with ________ and _________. Important crops were the “Three Sisters of Native American agriculture: maize, beans, and squash. As a result of farming their populations _______. Because of farming they also started building permanent _________ and living in one area. They also started producing ________ to store food.

Mississippian Indians page 76 About About 700 A.D. the Indians in South Carolina entered into the _________ Era, lasting about 1600 years. These These Indians ______ more than earlier Indians. Their Their diets depended on the ____, _____, squash, and pumpkins they grew. They They also built permanent _________ and _______. The The _______ were often built in the center of the villages and served two functions: Some Some were used as _______ places for their dead. They They were also used to build ______ buildings, _______, and the _______ house. Their Their use of hieroglyphics hieroglyphics make them one of the most highly developed civilizations north of _______. Women Women also had important roles in Mississippian culture and often held the position of ____. The The Mississippian culture is the culture ___________ explorers found in the 16 th 16 th and 17 th 17 th centuries.

American Indians in South Carolina Page 79 Most Europeans who came to South Carolina considered American Indians to be ___________. However, they were very civilized but just not by ________ standards. However, they were very civilized but just not by ________ standards. Europeans viewed Indians as childish savages, mistreated and took the Indians land and lives. _______ were the original slaves, taken from their homes in the Americas to work plantations in the Caribbean. _______ were the original slaves, taken from their homes in the Americas to work plantations in the Caribbean. Native Americans came to form a bond with enslaved ________ who were also treated harshly. Native Americans came to form a bond with enslaved ________ who were also treated harshly. ________ and _______ often intermarried and _______ frequently hid escaped slaves. ________ and _______ often intermarried and _______ frequently hid escaped slaves. Native Americans contributed greatly to the success of Europeans in the New World. Many of the foods still eaten today were originally cultivated by Indians and as well as many words and names for things and places are Indian. Many of the foods still eaten today were originally cultivated by Indians and as well as many words and names for things and places are Indian. Standard 8-1: The student will demonstrate an understanding of the settlement of South Carolina and the United States by Native Americans, Europeans, and Africans Summarize the culture, political systems, and daily life of the Native Americans of the Eastern Woodlands, including their methods of hunting and farming, their use of natural resources and geographic features, and their relationships with other nations. American Indians and the Europeans Page 79

South Carolina Indians Pages By the time ________ arrived in 1492, there were only about 2.5 million Indians in the US and Canada. By the time ________ arrived in 1492, there were only about 2.5 million Indians in the US and Canada. At this same time, _____ _______ only had a population of about 15,000. At this same time, _____ _______ only had a population of about 15,000. By 1775 only about ______ Indians remained. Why? By 1775 only about ______ Indians remained. Why? Indians had little _________ to diseases brought by Europeans. Indians had little _________ to diseases brought by Europeans. The ________ in South Carolina belonged to four different language groups: Iroquoian, Siouan, Algonquian, and Muskhogean. The ________ in South Carolina belonged to four different language groups: Iroquoian, Siouan, Algonquian, and Muskhogean. The __________ were the main Iroquoian speaking tribe in South Carolina and were the most important tribe living in the state. The __________ were the main Iroquoian speaking tribe in South Carolina and were the most important tribe living in the state. They lived in the northwestern part of South Carolina, western North Carolina, and northeastern Georgia. They lived in the northwestern part of South Carolina, western North Carolina, and northeastern Georgia.

American Indian Culture Pages Divide into three groups Divide into three groups Each group will find important details for: Each group will find important details for: Agriculture, Diet, and Shelter You have 15 minutes You have 15 minutes

Cultural Institutions Page ________ differed from tribe to tribe, but rituals were often the primary focus. ________ differed from tribe to tribe, but rituals were often the primary focus. Though most tribes had ceremonies for many things, the ___ played a big part in Indian religion and certain ________ were worshipped. Though most tribes had ceremonies for many things, the ___ played a big part in Indian religion and certain ________ were worshipped. The believed in an afterlife and believed in proper burials, if not done so they believed the spirit of the dead continued to ____ the earth. The believed in an afterlife and believed in proper burials, if not done so they believed the spirit of the dead continued to ____ the earth. Not all tribes were ______ and did not engage in war. Not all tribes were ______ and did not engage in war. Other tribes believed ____ was glorious; they frequently raided neighboring tribes. Other tribes believed ____ was glorious; they frequently raided neighboring tribes. Men were often looked down on boys until they could prove themselves in battle. Men were often looked down on boys until they could prove themselves in battle. Their primary weapon was the ____ and _____; clubs and hatchets were often used. Their primary weapon was the ____ and _____; clubs and hatchets were often used. The greatest prize was to take the _____. The greatest prize was to take the _____. Wars had to be considered by much discussion among _____ ______. Wars had to be considered by much discussion among _____ ______. Most wars were fought for ________; killing a person meant the family was to kill the murderer of family member regardless of self-defense. Most wars were fought for ________; killing a person meant the family was to kill the murderer of family member regardless of self-defense.

Government pages _________ structure varied from tribe to tribe. _________ structure varied from tribe to tribe. Most Indian governments were _____ dominated; but _______ sometimes served as tribal leaders. Most Indian governments were _____ dominated; but _______ sometimes served as tribal leaders. The ____ made the final decisions; but was assisted by a group of advisers known as the tribal _______. The ____ made the final decisions; but was assisted by a group of advisers known as the tribal _______. One member of the tribe the _______ ___ played an important role in both government and religion. One member of the tribe the _______ ___ played an important role in both government and religion. Medicine men usually had a great deal of respect in the tribe and his word was often heeded as prophecy. Medicine men usually had a great deal of respect in the tribe and his word was often heeded as prophecy.

Daily Life Page 88 Everyday life of Indians in South Carolina centered around preparing ____ and building ______. Everyday life of Indians in South Carolina centered around preparing ____ and building ______. Craft activities such as ________, basket weaving, and carved dugout ______. Craft activities such as ________, basket weaving, and carved dugout ______. Clothing was made from animal hides, usually _____ and ____ skins. Clothing was made from animal hides, usually _____ and ____ skins. The Indians wasted very little using the _____, ligaments and tendons; they will even use guts; they even sometimes ate the guts. The Indians wasted very little using the _____, ligaments and tendons; they will even use guts; they even sometimes ate the guts. Hides could also be used to carry water. Hides could also be used to carry water. Indians also used ____ and _____ for medicines. Indians also used ____ and _____ for medicines. _________ and ______ adopted many of the Indian remedies. _________ and ______ adopted many of the Indian remedies. Bathing was an very important ritual. Bathing was an very important ritual. Including using sweat lodges; today's saunas. Including using sweat lodges; today's saunas.

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