The Baroque Era Dramatically different, within historical context Counter-reformation: –Art should speak to the illiterate rather than the well-informed Central idea of Baroque Era Direct, passionate, obvious art –Loses church aspect –Emergence of Instrumental music and secular vocal works

Concerto Grosso Group of soloists w/ Orchestral Accompaniment 1 st Movement is in Ritornello Form: A – Orchestra B – Virtuosic passage played by Soloist A’ – Shortened version of A B – Virtuosic passage played by Soloist (Repeat!)

Antonio Vivaldi (1678 –1741) Known as Virtuoso violinist. Extreme talent aided in composition of SOLO Concerti –ONE soloist accompanied by orchestra –Solo part is very technically demanding Vivaldi composed 500+ Concerti. The Four Seasons –Collection of four violin concertos Spring, Summer, Autumn, Winter –One of the first truly programmatic works

George Frideric Handel (1685 – 1759) Early success in Opera When appointed to positions in England, eventually had to turn to Oratorios –Chorus, Vocal Soloists, Orchestra –Narrative, often biblical, but not for worship –No costumes, staging, acting or scenery –Can last 2+ hours

The Messiah Each part told a story of Christ’s life –Part 1: The Prophecy of the coming Christ, and His birth. –Part 2: Christ’s suffering and crucifixion, and the spreading of His doctrine. –Part 3: The redemption of the world through faith in Christ. English choral influence: more people, more powerful End of Part 2: Hallelujah Chorus –Standing a tradition because of King George I