Társadalmi konfliktusok- társadalmi jól-lét és biztonság Versenyképesség és társadalmi fejlődés (TÁMOP A-11/1/KONV ) Measuring well-being and disparities in Hungarian regions Lőrinczné dr. Bencze Edit

The main aim of this lecture  is to answer the question whether there is the connection between the Hungarian regional development and well-being issues.  The issue is important because of the current European (and Hungarian) spatial- social problems (inequalities, increasing poverty, exclusion) To realise this objective it is necessary :  to present the spatial –social structures of Hungary,  to analyse the connections between the characteristics of socio-spatial structures and the well-being levels of the Hungarian population.

Human well-being indicators On the bases of the Stiglitz-Sen-Fitoussi Commission Report on the Measurement of Economic Performance and Social Progress

Lexicology of well-being The GDP data are not sufficient to express the social development, New measurement tools are necessary, including  the social well-being,  social progress,  the sustainability.

There are 7 statistical regions – according to the European Union nomenclature system (NUTS 2 level) – in Hungary. Each of them is divided into 3 administrative regions, counties. The total number of them is 19 + the capital city, Budapest, having special status. Territorial division of Hungary

Municipialities (176) Most underdeveloped Underdeveloped Average Developed Most developed

Regional disparities among Visegrad countries in 2000 and 2010

Regional inequalities in Hungary Regional inequalities in Hungary have three main dimensions: - the dualism between Budapest and the countryside - macroregional - West-East - inequalities - differences on micro level (microregions, urban-rural)

Underdeveloped territories and pheripheries Social status Economic status Far form highways and big cities

Rural areas (under 120/km 2 /capita) Rural areas under 120/km 2/ capita Farms Small settlements

Regional development centres and developmental axis International Regional Development centre Development twin centre Development subcentre

Distribution of quality of life

Explanation to interregional and intraregional disparities:  economic disparities,  unjust redistributive system,  unfavourable employment positions,  impeded availability to education and health services,  unequal access to health-relatied services,  unequality in terms of maintenance opportunities to better life conditions,  maleficient living and dwelling circumstances,  low chance to healthy and balanced life,  compare to other nations: unfavourable well-being conditions Interregional and intraregional disparities

Enviromental sensitivity The less sensitive territories The most sensitive territories

Population density and urban population 2011 The Population density of Hungary is 107 (capita per square kilometer) with a global rank of 85. The most sparsely populated county of Somogy (52 km 2 ), the most densely populated and Budapest (3314 km 2 ). The proportion of urban population is 70% urban rural

Territorial inequalities in male and female mortality aged Women women men Men all external causes suicide

Life expectancy Life expectancy at birth: total population: years male: 71.5 years female: years Life expectancy: Increases upwards in urban hierarchy West-East or centre-periphery dichotomies do not exist

The average life expectancy at birth by male The average life expectancy at birth by female

Gross domestic product (GDP) per capita by Hungarian counties

Employment by region In Hungary (24-55 years)

Registered unemployed 2011

Unemployment rate of population aged Distribution of registered jobseekers

Number of new jobs and disribution of employment status (supported - not supported supported not supported

Regional disparities in bases of pensions

Conclusions Vast majority of Hungary considered as the rural, mainly underdeveloped area, with law level of well- being; Metropolitan centres represent development islands (isolatums) in Hungarian rural area. Concerning 3160 Hungarian settlements, the big cities belong to most developed and rapidly improving areas; Intra-country level: apparent and sharp differences between socio-economically developed, secure, prestigeous big cities and diverged, segregated settlements characterised by low-strata population. Economic wellfare has influence on local state of well being;

Thank you for your attention!